Issues

 / 

2000

 / 

November

  

Reviews of topical problems


Artificially ionized region as a source of ozone in the stratosphere

 a,  b,  b,  b,  c,  d
a Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 53, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
b Federal Research Center A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Ulyanova 46, Nizhny Novgorod, 603000, Russian Federation
c Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kaluzhskoe shosse 4, Troitsk, Москва, 108840, Russian Federation
d Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 38, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

A set of physical and chemical processes occurring in a microwave stratospheric discharge of nanosecond duration is discussed in connection with the effect they may have locally on the ozone layer in the artificially ionized region (AIR) in the stratosphere. The AIR, to be created at altitudes of 18-20 km by the microwave breakdown of air with ground-produced powerful electromagnetic wave beams, is planned for use in the natural physical experiment aimed at active monitoring of the ozone layer (its internal state and a set of plasma-chemical and photochemical processes) by controllably generating a considerable amount of ozone in the stratosphere. Results of relevant theoretical studies are presented, as are those of a large series of laboratory experiments performed under conditions similar to those prevailing in the stratosphere. Discharge regimes securing the efficient growth of ozone concentration are identified and studied in detail. It is demonstrated that such a stratospheric ozonizer is about as efficient as the best ground-based ozonizers used at present. For typical stratospheric conditions (low pressures and temperatures T ~ 200-220 K), it is shown that the intense generation of ozone in a microwave breakdown effected by groups of short nanosecond pulses does not virtually increase the density of nitrogen oxides — gases that play a vital role in catalytic ozone-decomposing reactions. The possibility of effectively producing ozone in prebreakdown electric fields is established experimentally. It is demonstrated that due to its long lifetime, ozone produced locally at altitudes of 18-20 km may spread widely under the action of winds and turbulent diffusion, thus leading to an additional — artificial — ozonization of the stratosphere.

Fulltext pdf (570 KB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.1070/PU2000v043n11ABEH000684
PACS: 82.40.We, 94.10.Fa
DOI: 10.1070/PU2000v043n11ABEH000684
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2000/11/b/
000166314900002
Citation: Gurevich A V, Litvak A G, Vikharev A L, Ivanov O A, Borisov N D, Sergeichev K F "Artificially ionized region as a source of ozone in the stratosphere" Phys. Usp. 43 1103–1123 (2000)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Оригинал: Гуревич А В, Литвак А Г, Вихарев А Л, Иванов О А, Борисов Н Д, Сергейчев К Ф «Искусственная ионизованная область как источник озона в стратосфере» УФН 170 1181–1202 (2000); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0170.200011b.1181

References (79) ↓ Cited by (19) Similar articles (20)

  1. Brasseur G, Solomon S Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere (Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publ. Co., 1986) [Translated into Russian (Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1987)]
  2. Aleksandrov E L et al. Ozonnyî Shchit Zemli i Ego Izmeneniya (The Ozone Shield of the Earth and its Evolution, Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1992)
  3. Danilov A D, Karol’ I L Atmosfernyî Ozon - Sensatsii i Real’nost’ (Atmospheric Ozone: Sensations and Reality, Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1991)
  4. Stalarski R S Sci. Am. 258 (1) 20 (1988) [V Mire Nauki (3) 6 (1988)]
  5. Toon O B, Turco R P Sci. Am. 264 (6) 40 (1991) [V Mire Nauki (8) 34 (1991)]
  6. Johnston H S Science 173 517 (1971)
  7. Propulsion Effluents in Stratosphere (CIAP. Monograph 2, DOT-TST-75-52, Washington, DC, 1975)
  8. Farman J C, Gardner B G, Shanklin J D Nature (London) 315 207 (1985)
  9. Flyagin V A et al. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techniques MTT-25 514 (1977)
  10. Gaponov-Grekhov A V, Petelin M I Vestn. Akad. Nauk SSSR (4) 11 (1979)
  11. Bollen W M et al. J. Appl. Phys. 54 101 (1983)
  12. Armstrong W T et al., in Proc. 18th Intern. Conf. on Phenomena in Ionized Gases Vol. 4 (Ed. W T Williams, Swansea, UK: Adam Hilger, 1987) p. 850
  13. Vikharev A L et al. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 94 (4) 136 (1988) [Sov. Phys. JETP 67 724 (1988)]
  14. Kuo S P, Zhang Y S Phys. Fluids B 2 667 (1990)
  15. Tsang K et al. Radio Sci. 26 1345 (1991)
  16. Vikharev A L et al., in Vysokochastotnyî Razryad v Volnovykh Polyakh (Microwave Discharge in Wave Fields, Ed. A G Litvak, Gor’kiî: IPF AN SSSR, 1988) p. 41
  17. Karfidov D M, Lukina N A, Sergeîchev K F Fiz. Plazmy 7 312 (1981) [Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 7 168 (1981)]
  18. Gurevich A V et al. Geomagn. Aeron. 20 953 (1980)
  19. Gurevich A V Usp. Fiz. Nauk 132 685 (1980) [Sov. Phys. Usp. 23 862 (1980)]
  20. Borisov N D, Gurevich A V, Milikh G M Iskusstvennaya Ionizirovannaya Oblast’ v Atmosfere (An Artificially Ionized Region in Atmosphere, Moscow: IZMIRAN, 1986)
  21. Gurevich A V, Borisov N D, Milikh G M Physics of Microwave Discharges: Artificially Ionized Regions in the Atmosphere (Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach, 1997)
  22. Askar’yan G A et al. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 302 566 (1988); Fiz. Plasmy 17 85 (1991) [Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 17 48 (1991)]
  23. Borisov N D, Kozlov S I, Smirnova N V Kosmich. Issled. 31 (2) 63 (1993) [Cosmic Res. 31 177 (1993)]
  24. Milikh G M J. Geophys. Res. D 95 16451 (1990)
  25. Larin V F Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 16 (8) 85 (1990) [Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett. 16 319 (1990)]
  26. Eliasson B, Kogelschatz U IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 19 1063 (1991)
  27. Vikharev A L et al. Fiz. Plazmy 10 165 (1984) [Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 10 96 (1984)]
  28. Vikharev A L, Ivanov O A, Stepanov A N Fiz. Plazmy 10 792 (1984) [Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 10 460 (1984)]
  29. Vikharev A L et al. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radiofiz. 30 317 (1987)
  30. Gil’denburg V B, Kim A V Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 74 141 (1978) [Sov. Phys. JETP 47 72 (1978)]
  31. Gil’denburg V B, Kim A V Fiz. Plazmy 6 904 (1980) [Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 6 496 (1980)]
  32. Borisov N D, Gurevich A V Geomagn. Aeron. 20 841 (1980)
  33. Borisov N D, Gel’fond O A, Gurevich A V Fiz. Plazmy 9 1047 (1983) [Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 9 610 (1983)]
  34. Borisov N D Fiz. Plazmy 8 712 (1982) [Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 8 401 (1982)]
  35. Kochelap V A, Izmailov I A, Mel’nikov L Yu Chem. Phys. Lett. 157 (1-2) 67 (1989)
  36. Vikharev A L et al., in Proc. 21st Intern. Conf. on Phenomena in Ionized Gases Vol. 1 (Eds G Ecker, U Arendt, J Boseler, Bochum: APP, 1993) p. 123
  37. Vikharev A L et al. Phys. Lett. A 179 122 (1993)
  38. Vikharev A L et al. J. Geophys. Res. D 99 21097 (1994)
  39. Akhmedzhanov R A et al. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 21 (9) 26 (1995) [Tech. Phys. Lett. 21 327 (1995)]
  40. Akhmedzhanov R A et al. Phys. Lett. A 207 209 (1995)
  41. Akhmedzhanov R A et al. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 67 (3) 9 (1997) [Tech. Phys. 42 260 (1997)]
  42. Vikharev A L, Ivanov O A, Litvak A G IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 24 460 (1996)
  43. Baulch D L et al. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 11 327 (1982)
  44. Atkinson R et al. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 18 881 (1989)
  45. Krivonosova O E et al., in Khimiya Plazmy (Plasma Chemistry) Vol. 14 (Ed. B M Smirnov, Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1987) p. 3
  46. Zhivotov V K, Rusanov V D, Fridman A A Diagnostika Neravnovesnoî Khimicheski Aktivnoî Plazmy (Diagnostics of Nonequilibrium Chemically Active Plasma, Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1985)
  47. Zhivotov V K, Rusanov V D, Fridman A A, in Khimiya Plazmy (Plasma Chemistry) Vol. 11 (Ed. B M Smirnov, Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1984) p. 200
  48. Akhmedzhanov R A et al. Fiz. Plazmy 23 58 (1997) [Plasma Phys. Rep. 23 53 (1997)]
  49. Eliasson B, Hirth M, Kogelschatz U J. Phys. D 20 1421 (1987)
  50. Eliasson B, Kogelschatz U, Research Report KLR 86-11C (Baden: Brown Boveri, 1986)
  51. Bykov Yu V Khim. Vys. Energ. 18 347 (1984)
  52. Gurevich A V et al. Phys. Lett. A 201 234 (1995); Lukina N A, Sergeichev K F, Sychov I A, in Proc. 21st Intern. Conf. on Phenomena in Ionized Gases Vol. 1 (Eds G Ecker, U Arendt, J Boseler, Bochum: APP, 1993) p. 83
  53. Aleksandrov N L et al. Teplofiz. Vys. Temp. 19 485 (1981)
  54. MacDonald A D Microwave Breakdown in Gases (New York: Wiley, 1966) [Translated into Russian (Moscow: Mir, 1969)]
  55. Samoîlovich V G, Gibalov V I, Kozlov K V Fizicheskaya Khimiya Bar’ernogo Razryada (Physical Chemistry of Barrier Discharge, Moscow: Izd. Mosk. Gos. Univ., 1989)
  56. Aleksandrov N L, Konchakov A M Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 16 (6) 4 (1990) [Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett. 16 206 (1990)]
  57. Molina M J, Rowland F S Nature (London) 249 810 (1974)
  58. Rowland F S, Molina M J J. Phys. Chem. 80 2049 (1976)
  59. Gurevich A V et al. Phys. Lett. A 207 281 (1995)
  60. Karol’ I L, Kiselev A A, Frol’kis V A Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk Ser. Fiz. Atm. Okeana 31 120 (1995) [Izv. Atm. Oceanic Phys. 31 113 (1995)]
  61. Matveyev A A, Silakov V P Phys. Rev. E 54 4121 (1996)
  62. Vikharev A L, Ivanov O A, Litvak A G, in Proc. Int. Workshop: Strong Microwaves in Plasmas Vol. 1 (Ed. A G Litvak, Nizhniî Novgorod: IAP Publ., 1997) p. 251
  63. Margitan J J et al. J. Geophys. Res. D 100 9193 (1995)
  64. McGee T J et al. J. Geophys. Res. D 100 9255 (1995)
  65. Zakharov V M (Ed.) Primenenie Lazerov dlya Opredeleniya Sostava Atmosfery (The Use of Lasers for Determining Atmosphere Composition, Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1983)
  66. Measures R M Laser Remote Sensing: Fundamentals and Applications (New York: Wiley, 1984) [Translated into Russian (Moscow: Mir, 1987)]
  67. Papadopoulos K et al. J. Geophys. Res. D 99 10387 (1994)
  68. Miles T et al. J. Atm. Sci. 51 677 (1994)
  69. Didenko A N, Yushkov Yu G Moshchnye SVCh-Impul’sy Nanosekundnoî Dlitel’nosti (Powerful Microwave Pulses of Nanosecond Duration, Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1984)
  70. Didenko A N et al. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 321 (3) 518 (1991) [Sov. Phys. Dokl. 36 792 (1991)]
  71. Vikharev A L, Kovalev N F, Petelin M I Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 22 (19) 41 (1996) [Tech. Phys. Lett. 22 795 (1996)]
  72. Vikharev A L et al., in Proc. Int. Workshop: Strong Microwaves in Plasmas Vol. 2 (Ed. A G Litvak, Nizhniî Novgorod: IAP Publ., 2000) p. 896
  73. Batanov G M et al. Fiz. Plazmy 22 1046 (1996) [Plasma Phys. Rep. 22 580 (1996)]
  74. Askar’yan G A et al. Pis’ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 55 500 (1992) [JETP Lett. 55 515 (1992)]; Fiz. Plazmy 18 1198 (1992) [Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 18 625 (1992)]
  75. Askaryan G A et al. J. Phys. D 27 1311 (1994)
  76. Christophorou L G, Pinnaduwage L A IEEE Trans. Electrical Insulation 25 (1) 55 (1990)
  77. Vikharev A L et al. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 66 (7) 56 (1996) [Tech. Phys. 41 665 (1996)]
  78. Nusinovich G S, Milikh G M, Levush B J. Appl. Phys. 80 4189 (1996)
  79. Gritsinin S I et al. Fiz. Plazmy 23 264 (1997) [Plasma Phys. Rep. 23 242 (1997)]

© 1918–2024 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions