RSS feeds
РусскийEnglish
Issue 4, 2024
Volume year page
Issues Authors PACS Subscription For authors

Issues

 / 

1996

 / 

February

←  →

Methodological notes


Cosmic ray astrophysics (history and general review)


Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 53, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

The history of the discovery and investigation of cosmic rays prior to the advent of the cosmic ray astrophysics is presented. Some data about cosmic rays near the Earth and in the Universe are given. The main part of cosmic rays observed near the Earth is generated in our Galaxy by supernova explosions. The most important problem yet to be solved in cosmic ray astrophysics is the origin of cosmic rays of superhigh energy.

Fulltext pdf (634 KB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.1070/PU1996v039n02ABEH000132
PACS: 98.70.Sa
DOI: 10.1070/PU1996v039n02ABEH000132
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/1996/2/c/
A1996UB80800003
Citation: Ginzburg V L "Cosmic ray astrophysics (history and general review)" Phys. Usp. 39 155–168 (1996)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Оригинал: Гинзбург В Л «Астрофизика космических лучей (история и общий обзор)» УФН 166 169–183 (1996); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0166.199602c.0169

References (71) ↓ Cited by (36) Similar articles (15)

  1. Elster J, Geitel H Phys. Zs. 2 560 (1901); Geitel H Phys. Zs. 2 116 (1900)
  2. Wilson C T R Camb. Phys. Soc. Proc. 11 32 (1901)
  3. Wilson C T R Roy. Soc. Proc. 68 151 (1901)
  4. Dorman I V Cosmicheskie Luchi (Cosmic Rays, Moscow: Nauka, 1989, in Russian)
  5. Early History of Cosmic Ray Studies (Eds Y Sekido, H Elliot, Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publ. Co., 1985)
  6. Kurz K Phys. Zs. 10 834 (1909)
  7. Rutherford E, Cooke H L Phys. Rev. 16 183 (1903)
  8. Hess V F Phys. Zs. 13 1084 (1912)
  9. Kolhorster W Phys. Zs. 14 1066, 1153 (1913)
  10. Millikan R A, Cameron G H Phys. Rev. 28 851 (1926)
  11. Anderson C D Science 76 238 (1932); Phys. Rev. 43 491 (1933)
  12. Clay J K. Acad. Amsterdam, Proc. 30 1115 (1927); 31 1091 (1928); 33 711 (1930)
  13. Bothe W, KolhOrster W Zs. Phys. 56 751 (1929)
  14. Skobeltzyn D Zs. Phys. 43 354 (1927); 54 686 (1929)
  15. Rossi B Nature 125 636 (1930); Naturwissenschaften 20 65 (1932); Zs. Phys. 82 151 (1933); Phys. Zs. 33 304 (1933)
  16. Compton A H Phys. Rev. 41 681 (1932); 43 387 (1933)
  17. Rossi B Nature 128 (3227) 408 (1931)
  18. Johnson T H Phys. Rev. 43 834; 44 856 (1933)
  19. Alvarez L, Compton A H Phys. Rev. 43 835 (1933)
  20. Rossi B Phys. Rev. 45 212 (1934)
  21. Johnson T H Rev. Mod. Phys. 10 193 (1938)
  22. Schein M, Jesse W P, Wollan E O Phys. Rev. 59 615 (1941)
  23. Critchfield C L, Ney E P, Oleksa S Phys. Rev. 79 402 (1950); 85 461 (1952)
  24. Earl J A Phys. Rev. Lett. 6 125 (1961)
  25. Freier P et al. Phys. Rev. 74 213, 1818 (1948)
  26. Bradt H L, Peters B Phys. Rev. 74 1828 (1948)
  27. Alfven H, Herlofson N Phys. Rev. 78 616 (1950)
  28. Kiepenheuer K O Phys. Rev. 79 738 (1950)
  29. Ginzburg V L Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 76 377 (1951)
  30. Ginzburg V L Usp. Fiz. Nauk 51 343 (1953)
  31. The Early Years of Radioastronomy (Ed. W T Sullivan, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1984)
  32. Ginzburg V L, Syrovatskii S I The Origin of Cosmic Rays (New York: Gordon and Breach, 1969)
  33. Berezinskii V S et al. Cosmic Ray Astrophysics (Amsterdam: North Holland, 1990) [Translated into Russian (Ed. V L Ginzburg, Moscow: Nauka, 1990)]
  34. Bahcall J N et al. Nature 375 29 (1995)
  35. Rossi B Phys. Zs. 33 304 (1932)
  36. Blackett P M S, Occhialini G P S Roy. Soc. Proc. A 139 699 (1933)
  37. Neddermeyer S H, Anderson C D Phys. Rev. 51 (10) 884 (1937)
  38. Street J C, Stevenson E C Phys. Rev. 52 1003 (1937)
  39. Lattes C M G et al. Nature 159 694; 160 453 (1947)
  40. Ginzburg V L Nature Phys. Sci. 239 (88) 8 (1972)
  41. Proc. International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC): (a) 23th ICRC (Kalgary, 1993); (b) 24th ICRC (Rome, 1995)
  42. Bird D J et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 3401 (1993); Astrophys. J. 441 144 (1995)
  43. Lawrence M A, Reid R, Watson A A J. Phys. G 17 733 (1991)
  44. Ginzburg V L Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1977) [Translated into Russian (Moscow: Nauka, 1987)]
  45. Ekers R D, Sancisi R Astron. Astrophys. 54 (3) 973 (1977)
  46. Burbudge G Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London A 277 481 (1975)
  47. Ginzburg V L, Ptuskin V S J. Astrophys. Astron. (India) 5 99 (1984)
  48. Ginzburg V L Usp. Fiz. Nauk 163 (7) 45 (1993) [Phys. Usp. 36 (7) 587 (1993)]
  49. Streekumar P et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 127 (1993)
  50. Dodds D, Strong A W, Wolfendale A Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 171 (3) 569 (1975)
  51. Ptuskin V S, in Proc. Second Compton Symp. (Eds C Fichtel et al., New York: AIP, 1994)
  52. Drury L O’C Contemp. Phys. 35 231 (1994)
  53. Hayakawa S Cosmic Ray Physics (New York: J. Wiley, 1969) Vol. 2 [Translated into Russian (Moscow: Mir, 1974)]
  54. Baade W, Zwicky F Nat. Acad. Sci. Proc. USA 20 259 (1934); Phys. Rev. 46 76 (1934)
  55. Berezinsky V S, Ptuskin V S Astron. Astrophys. 215 399 (1989)
  56. Drury L O’C, Aharonian E A, Volk H J Astron. Astrophys. 287 959 (1994, see also Drury L O’C Space Sci. Rev., in press)
  57. Biermann P L Cosmic Winds and the Heliosphere (Eds J R Jokipii et al., The University of Arizona Press, 1994)
  58. Ginzburg V L, Ptuskin V S, in Proc. 24 ICRC (1995) Vol. 3, p. 345
  59. Kristiansen G B Nuclear Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 39A 257 (1995)
  60. Elbert J W, Sommers P Astrophys. J. 441 151 (1995)
  61. Sigl G, Schramm D N, Bhattacharjee P Astroparticle Phys. 2 401 (1994)
  62. Szabo A P, Protheroe R J Astroparticle Phys. 2 375 (1994)
  63. Ginzburg V L Usp. Fiz. Nauk 155 185 (1988) [Sov. Phys. Usp. 31 (6) 491 (1988)]
  64. Fermi E Phys. Rev. 75 1169 (1949)
  65. The Pierre Auger Project (Leaders J Cronin, A Watson, 1995)
  66. Nikolsky S I Nuclear Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 39 (A) 228 (1995); see also Ref. [41b] Vol. 1, p. 251
  67. Wiebl-Sooth B, Biermann P L, Meyer H Proc. 24 ICRC (1995) Vol. 2, p. 658; Vol. 3, p. 45
  68. Biermann P L, Rachen J P, Stanev T Proc. 24 ICRC (1995) Vol. 2, p. 809
  69. Golden R L et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 43 (16) 1196 (1979)
  70. Hof M et al. Proc. 24 ICRC (1995) Vol. 3, p. 60
  71. Ormes J F et al. Proc. 24 ICRC (1995) Vol. 3, p. 92
© 1918–2024 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions