Issues

 / 

1995

 / 

June

  

Reviews of topical problems


Ecton or electron avalanche from metal


Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 53, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

The so-called explosive electron emission observed as individual packets or avalanches of electrons is shown to occur in microexplosions at the cathode. This microexplosion of electrons is called an ecton. Electron current in an ecton starts to flow as a result of the overheating of metal because of the high energy density (104 J g-1), and the current stops owing to the cooling of the emission zone. Ectons occur in electrical discharges in vacuum, in cathode spots of a vacuum arc, in bulk discharges in gases, in pseudo-spark discharges, in corona discharges, etc.

Fulltext pdf (731 KB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.1070/PU1995v038n06ABEH000089
PACS: 79.90.+b
DOI: 10.1070/PU1995v038n06ABEH000089
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/1995/6/a/
A1995RL93800001
Citation: Mesyats G A "Ecton or electron avalanche from metal" Phys. Usp. 38 567–590 (1995)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Оригинал: Месяц Г А «Эктон — лавина электронов из металла» УФН 165 601–626 (1995); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0165.199506a.0601

References (92) Cited by (131) ↓ Similar articles (20)

  1. Zhakin A I, Kuzko A E Jour 14 128 (2024)
  2. Zhakin A I, Kuzko A E Jour 14 122 (2024)
  3. Michaux E, Mazouffre S Aerospace 10 1011 (2023)
  4. Nanosistemi, Nanomateriali, Nanotehnologii 21 (1) (2023)
  5. Barengolts S A, Mesyats G A Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 193 751 (2023)
  6. [Barengolts S A, Mesyats G A Phys. Usp. 66 704 (2023)]
  7. Zhakin A I, Kuz’ko A E Surf. Engin. Appl.Electrochem. 59 803 (2023)
  8. Ren Ch, Huang B et al Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 32 085013 (2023)
  9. Ivanov V A, Konyzhev M E et al J. Commun. Technol. Electron. 68 1067 (2023)
  10. Zhakin A I Surf. Engin. Appl.Electrochem. 59 601 (2023)
  11. Lu G, Liao M et al Vacuum 211 111938 (2023)
  12. Shuaibov A K, Gritsak R V et al Surf. Engin. Appl.Electrochem. 59 362 (2023)
  13. Michaux E, Vinci A E, Mazouffre S Vacuum 215 112286 (2023)
  14. Shuaibov A K, Minya A I et al Surf. Engin. Appl.Electrochem. 59 649 (2023)
  15. Shuaibov O K, Minya O Y et al Surf. Engin. Appl.Electrochem. 58 465 (2022)
  16. Michaux E, Mazouffre S, Blanchet A J Electr Propuls 1 (1) (2022)
  17. Nanosistemi, Nanomateriali, Nanotehnologii 20 (4) (2022)
  18. Shuaibov O K, Minya O Y et al Ukr. J. Phys. 67 240 (2022)
  19. Oreshkin V I, Chaikovsky S A et al 132 (8) (2022)
  20. Laroque D A, Seó S T et al Journal Of Food Engineering 312 110748 (2022)
  21. Shuaibov O  K, Hrytsak R  V et al Metallofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol. 44 1509 (2022)
  22. Shuaibov A K, Minya A I et al Surf. Engin. Appl.Electrochem. 58 369 (2022)
  23. Theocharis J, Gardelis S, Papaioannou G IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Relib. 22 205 (2022)
  24. Shuaibov O K, Hrytsak R V et al J. Phys. Stud. 26 (2) (2022)
  25. Ivanov V, Konyzhev M et al Usp. Prikl. Fiz. 9 449 (2021)
  26. Shuaibov O  K, Malinina A  O Usp. Fiz. Met. 22 382 (2021)
  27. Ivanov V A, Konyzhev M E et al Plasma Phys. Rep. 47 603 (2021)
  28. Oreshkin V I, Chaikovsky S A, Oreshkin E V J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2064 012018 (2021)
  29. Cogollo de Cádiz Mar, López A A et al Sci Rep 11 (1) (2021)
  30. Shuaibov O  K, Malinina A  O et al Metallofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol. 43 1683 (2021)
  31. Nanosistemi, Nanomateriali, Nanotehnologii 19 (1) (2021)
  32. Zhou Zh, Kyritsakis A et al J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 54 035201 (2021)
  33. Jiang F, Wu Y et al J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 54 395201 (2021)
  34. Nanosistemi, Nanomateriali, Nanotehnologii 19 (3) (2021)
  35. Zhou Zh, Kyritsakis A et al J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 53 125501 (2020)
  36. Shuaibov A, Minya A et al (2020)
  37. Wang T, Liu W et al 2020 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE), (2020) p. 1
  38. Levko D, Arslanbekov R R, Kolobov V I Physics Of Plasmas 27 083519 (2020)
  39. Sun Q, Yang W, Zhou Q J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 53 375201 (2020)
  40. Shuaibov A K, Minya A Y et al Surf. Engin. Appl.Electrochem. 56 474 (2020)
  41. Mokrov O, Simon M et al Weld World 64 1605 (2020)
  42. Shuaibov A K, Minya A I et al Ukr. J. Phys. 65 400 (2020)
  43. ANN 4 (1) (2020)
  44. Shuaibov A K, Minya A Y et al Surf. Engin. Appl.Electrochem. 56 510 (2020)
  45. Zhakin A I, Kuz’ko A E, Kharlamov S A Surf. Engin. Appl.Electrochem. 56 580 (2020)
  46. Tkachenko Yu G, Tolochyn O I et al Powder Metall Met Ceram 58 692 (2020)
  47. Ivanov V A, Konyzhev M E et al J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1647 012018 (2020)
  48. Apollonov V V, Kazantsev S Yu Tech. Phys. Lett. 45 443 (2019)
  49. Gashkov M A, Mesyats G A, Zubarev N M J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1147 012125 (2019)
  50. Vodopyanov A, Razin S et al IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 47 828 (2019)
  51. Parkevich E V, Medvedev M A et al Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 28 125007 (2019)
  52. Shuaibov A K, Minya A I et al Surf. Engin. Appl.Electrochem. 55 65 (2019)
  53. Apollonov V V, Kazantsev S Yu Bull. Lebedev Phys. Inst. 46 161 (2019)
  54. Zubarev N M, Ivanov S N Plasma Phys. Rep. 44 445 (2018)
  55. Shuaibov O K, Minya O Y et al Ukr. J. Phys. 63 790 (2018)
  56. Oks E, Frolova V et al 2018 28th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV), (2018) p. 389
  57. Shuaibov A K, Minya A Y et al Plasma Res. Express 1 015003 (2018)
  58. Budaev V P, Grashin S A et al J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1094 012006 (2018)
  59. Omarov O A, Omarova N O, Kh O P J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1094 012028 (2018)
  60. Gashkov M A, Mesyats G A et al 2018 28th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV), (2018) p. 337
  61. Vanraes P, Bogaerts A 5 (3) (2018)
  62. Shuiabov A, Minya A et al Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 9 035016 (2018)
  63. Gashkov M A, Zubarev N M J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 946 012131 (2018)
  64. Viktorov M E, Mansfeld D A et al Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 59 075001 (2017)
  65. Bugaev A S, Vizir’ A V et al Russ Phys J 60 1392 (2017)
  66. Bruggeman P J, Iza F, Brandenburg R Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 26 123002 (2017)
  67. Pervikov A, Lerner M, Krukovskii K Current Applied Physics 17 201 (2017)
  68. Mesyats G A Plasma Phys. Rep. 43 952 (2017)
  69. Foster J E 24 (5) (2017)
  70. Gashkov M A, Zubarev N M et al J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 122 776 (2016)
  71. Kurbanismailov V S, Omarov O A et al Plasma Phys. Rep. 42 687 (2016)
  72. Oreshkin E V, Barengolts S A et al J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 774 012191 (2016)
  73. Aban’shin N P, Avetisyan Yu A et al Tech. Phys. Lett. 42 509 (2016)
  74. Encyclopedia of Plasma Technology 0 (2016) p. 1492
  75. Parkevich E V, Tilikin I N et al Jetp Lett. 103 357 (2016)
  76. Shen J, An H H et al Laser Part. Beams 34 742 (2016)
  77. Viktorov M E, Golubev S V et al (AIP Conference Proceedings) Vol. 1771 (2016) p. 070010
  78. Nefedtsev E V, Batrakov A V J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 121 706 (2015)
  79. Viktorov M E, Vodopyanov A V et al Tech. Phys. Lett. 41 901 (2015)
  80. Majzoobi A, Joshi R P et al 2015 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC), (2015) p. 1
  81. Mesyats G A, Zubarev N M 117 (4) (2015)
  82. Zverev V I, Asiunin V I et al Phys. Scr. T161 014073 (2014)
  83. Shuaibov A K, Laslov G E, Kozak Ya Yu Opt. Spectrosc. 116 552 (2014)
  84. Tsventoukh M M, Barengolts S A et al Tech. Phys. Lett. 39 933 (2013)
  85. Kuz’menko A P, Kuz’ko A E, Timakov D I Tech. Phys. 58 239 (2013)
  86. Mesyats G A IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 41 676 (2013)
  87. Mesyats G A, Zubarev N M 113 (20) (2013)
  88. Islamov R Sh, Krishtafovich Yu A Journal Of Electrostatics 71 109 (2013)
  89. Amirov R H, Petrov A A, Samoylov I S J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 418 012064 (2013)
  90. Omarov O A, Kurbanismailov V S et al Plasma Phys. Rep. 38 22 (2012)
  91. Zhakin A I Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 182 495 (2012)
  92. Arushanov K, Zeltser I et al Coatings 2 8 (2012)
  93. Urusov R M, Sultanova F R, Urusova T E Thermophys. Aeromech. 18 643 (2011)
  94. Shabanov G D, Zherebtsov O M, Sokolovskii B Yu Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B 3 426 (2009)
  95. Petrov A A, Amirov R H, Samoylov I S IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 37 1146 (2009)
  96. Korenyugin D G, Martsinovsky A M, Orlov K E Tech. Phys. Lett. 35 944 (2009)
  97. Anders A Springer Series On Atomic, Optical, And Plasma Physics Vol. Cathodic ArcsThe Physics of Cathode Processes50 Chapter 3 (2008) p. 75
  98. Barengolts S A, Mesyats G A, Tsventoukh M M J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 107 1039 (2008)
  99. Asinovskiĭ É I, Petrov A A, Samoylov I S Tech. Phys. 53 279 (2008)
  100. Torchigin V P, Torchigin A V Physics Letters A 361 167 (2007)
  101. Khachalov M B, Akhmedova Kh G High Temp 45 572 (2007)
  102. Zhakin A I Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 176 289 (2006)
  103. Podchernyayeva I A, Panashenko V M et al Powder Metall Met Ceram 45 540 (2006)
  104. Belik V D, Litvin R V, Koval’chenko M S Powder Metall Met Ceram 45 593 (2006)
  105. Batrakov A 2006 International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum, (2006) p. 358
  106. Tay A B H, Thong J T L 75 3248 (2004)
  107. Mesyats G A Dokl. Phys. 49 727 (2004)
  108. Smirnov B M Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 173 609 (2003)
  109. Zhakin A I Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 173 51 (2003)
  110. Batrakov A V 20th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum, (2002) p. 123
  111. Fedun V I, Bulanchuk O N, Kolyada Yu E 20th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum, (2002) p. 607
  112. Mesyats G A, Barengol’ts S A Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 172 1113 (2002)
  113. Krinberg I A Tech. Phys. Lett. 27 45 (2001)
  114. Zverev E A, Krinberg I A Tech. Phys. Lett. 26 288 (2000)
  115. Smirnov B M Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 170 495 (2000)
  116. Sedoi V S, Mesyats G A et al IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 27 845 (1999)
  117. Lisitsyn I V, Nomlyama H et al IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul. 6 351 (1999)
  118. Lisitsyn I V, Inoue H et al IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul. 6 105 (1999)
  119. Korolev Yu D, Frank K IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 27 1525 (1999)
  120. Fursey G N, Shirochin L A Eleventh International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference. IVMC’98 (Cat. No.98TH8382), (1998) p. 142
  121. Zverev E A, Krinberg I A Tech. Phys. Lett. 24 728 (1998)
  122. Vol. Proceedings ISDEIV. 18th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (Cat. No.98CH36073)The integral of specific current action and the specific energy input under fast electrical explosionL.I.ChemezovaG.A.MesyatsV.S.SedoiB.N.SeminV.V.Valevich1 (1998) p. 48
  123. Vol. Proceedings ISDEIV. 18th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (Cat. No.98CH36073)The size of the emitting region and the current density at the cathodeA.M.MourzakaevN.B.Volkov1 (1998) p. 302
  124. Glisic S, Strinic A I et al IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 26 1492 (1998)
  125. Barengol’ts S A, Litvinov E A et al Tech. Phys. 43 668 (1998)
  126. Barengolts S A, Litvinov E A, Suvorov V G IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul. 4 830 (1997)
  127. Vogel N, Skvortsov V A IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 25 553 (1997)
  128. Smirnov B M Phys.-Usp. 40 1117 (1997)
  129. Vol. Proceedings of 17th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in VacuumPlasma parameters within the cathode spot of laser-induced vacuum arcs: experimental and theoretical investigationsN.VogelV.Skvortsov1 (1996) p. 89
  130. Vol. Proceedings of 17th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in VacuumEcton processes at the cathode in a vacuum dischargeG.A.Mesyats2 (1996) p. 720
  131. Vol. Proceedings of 17th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in VacuumNonequilibrium phenomena accompanying high-current thermal field emissionS.A.BarengoltsE.A.LitvinovV.G.Suvorov2 (1996) p. 788

© 1918–2024 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions