RSS feeds
РусскийEnglish
Issue 12, 2024
Volume year page
Issues Authors PACS Subscription For authors

Issues

 / 

1988

 / 

April

←  →

Reviews of topical problems


Open-ended traps


The open-ended trap is one of the installations used for the magnetic confinement of thermonuclear plasma. Open-ended traps have a number of important advantages as compared with other confinement systems: they are attractive from the engineering point of view, their magnetic field is efficiently used to confine the plasma, they can be operated under steady-state conditions, and there is no particular problem with removing thermonuclear reaction products and heavy impurities from the plasma. At the same time, it has long been considered that the open-ended trap has a doubtful future as a basis for a thermonuclear reactor because of the relatively high rate of loss of plasma along the magnetic lines of force. The situation has changed for the better during the last decade, and a number of improved traps, that are largely free from this defect, has been proposed. This review examines the physical principles of open-ended traps (ambipolar, centrifugal, multimirror, gas-dynamic, and so on), the present state of research into these systems, and their future prospects. The use of open-ended traps as high-flux generators of 14-MeV neutrons is also discussed.

Fulltext pdf (1 MB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.1070/PU1988v031n04ABEH005747
PACS: 52.55.Jd, 52.55.Lf, 52.35.Py, 52.25.Vy, 28.52.−s (all)
DOI: 10.1070/PU1988v031n04ABEH005747
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/1988/4/b/
Citation: Ryutov D D "Open-ended traps" Sov. Phys. Usp. 31 300–327 (1988)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Оригинал: Рютов Д Д «Открытые ловушки» УФН 154 565–614 (1988); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0154.198804b.0565

References (97) ↓ Cited by (79) Similar articles (20)

  1. G. I. Budker Plasma Physics And The Problem Of Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions Vol. 3 ([in Russian], Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, 1958) p. 3
  2. A. S. Bishop Project Sherwood (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1958); Russ. transl., A. S. Bishop Project Sherwood (Gosatomizdat, M., 1960)
  3. Yu. V. Gott, M. S. Ioffe, and V. G. Tel’kovskii (in Russian) Nucl. Fusion Suppl. 3 1045 (1962)
  4. E. K. Zavoiski&ibreve;, S. L. Nedoseev, L. I. Rudakov, V. D. Rusanov, V. A. Skoryupin, and S. D. Fanchenko (in Russian) Proc. Third Intern. Conf. On Plasma Physics And Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, IAEA, Vienna 2 679 (1969)
  5. V. V. Arsenin, V. A. Zhil’tsov, and V. A. Chuyanov Ibid. 515
  6. G. I. Budker, V. V. Mirnov, and D. D. Ryutov Pis’ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 14 320 (1971); G. I. Budker, V. V. Mirnov, and D. D. Ryutov JETPLett. 14 212 (1971)
  7. B. G. Logan, M. A. Liebermann, A. J. Lichtenberg, and A. Makhijani Phys. Rev. Lett. 28 144 (1972)
  8. S. G. Konstantinov, O. K. Myskin, A. F. Sorokin, and F. A. Tsel’nik Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 41 2527 (1971); S. G. Konstantinov, O. K. Myskin, A. F. Sorokin, and F. A. Tsel’nik Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. 16 2006 (1972)
  9. T. K. Fowler and R. F. Post Russ. Transl., Fiz. Plazmy 3 1408 (1977); T. K. Fowler and R. F. Post Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 3 787 (1977)
  10. F. H. Coensgen, J. F. Clauser, D. L. Correll, W. F. Cummins, C. Gorme- zano, B. G. Logan, A. W. Molvik, W. E. Nexsen, T. S. Simonen, B. W. Stallard, and W. C. Turner Proc. Sixth. Intern. Conf. On Plasma Physics And Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, IAEA, Vienna 3 135 (1977)
  11. G.I. Dimov, V. V. Zakaidakov, and M. E. Kishenevskii Fiz. Plazmy 2 597 (1976); G.I. Dimov, V. V. Zakaidakov, and M. E. Kishenevskii Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 2 326 (1976)
  12. T. K. Fowler and B. G. Logan Comments Plasma Phys. Controll. Fusion 2 167 (1977)
  13. D. D. Ryutov and D. V. Stupakov Pis’ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 26 186 (1977); D. D. Ryutov and D. V. Stupakov JETPLett. 26 174 (1977)
  14. V. V. Mirnov and D. D. Ryutov Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 5 678 (1979); V. V. Mirnov and D. D. Ryutov Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett. 5 279 (1979)
  15. D. D. Ryutov Nucl. Fusion 20 1068 (1980)
  16. V. A. Chuyanov Itogi Nauki I Tekhniki, Ser. Fizika Plasmy, VINITI, Moscow 1 119 (1980)
  17. T. C. Simonen Proc. IEEE 69 935 (1981)
  18. E. E.Yushmanov Nucl. Fusion 25 1217 (1985)
  19. R. F. Post Ibid. 27 1579 (1987)
  20. B. V. Chirikov Voprosy Teorii Plasmy (Energoatomizdat, M., No. 13, 1983) p. 3; B. V. Chirikov Reviews Of Plasma Physics Vol. Vol. 13 (Consultants Bureau, N.Y., 1987) p. 1
  21. B. A.Trubnikov In: Ibid. (No. 1) 98 (1963); B. A.Trubnikov Reviews Of Plasma Physics Vol. Vol. 1 (Consultants Bureau, N. Y., 1963) p. 105
  22. N. N. Semashko see Ref. 16 p. page 232
  23. F. H. Coensgen and T. C. Simonen "Physics of Plasma Close to Thermonuclear Conditions" Proc. Intern. School Of Plasma Physics, Varenna, Italy, 1979 Vol. 2 (CEC, Bruxelles, 1980) p. 659
  24. S. I. Braginskii see Ref. 21, in: No. 1, 183, 1963; S. I. Braginskii Reviews Of Plasma Physics Vol. Vol. 1 (Consultants Bureau, N.Y.) p. 205
  25. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz The Classical Theory Of Fields 3rd. ed. (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1971); Russ. original, L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz The Classical Theory Of Fields (Nauka, M., 1967), Section 33
  26. A. B. Mikhailovski&ibreve; Theory Of Plasma Instabilities (Consultants Bureau, N.Y., 1974); Russ. original, A. B. Mikhailovski&ibreve; Theory Of Plasma Instabilities Vol. Vol. 2 (Atomizdat, M., 1971)
  27. M. N. Rosenbluth and C. L. Longmire Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 1 120 (1957)
  28. B. B. Kadomtsev Plasma Physics And The Problem Of Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions 4 ([in Russian], Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow) 16 (1958)
  29. M. N. Rosenbluth, N. A. Krall, and N. Rostoker Nucl. Fusion Suppl. 1 143 (1962)
  30. R. F. Post and M. N. Rosenbluth Phys. Fluids 9 730 (1966)
  31. A. B. Mikhailovskii Nucl. Fusion 5 125 (1965)
  32. D. Baldwin Rev. Mod. Phys. 49 317 (1977)
  33. B. I. Davydov See Ref. 28 1, 77
  34. V. P. Pastukhov see Ref. 20 (1987) p. page 160; V. P. Pastukhov Rev. Plasma Phys. Vol. 13 203
  35. G. G. Kelley Plasma Phys. 9 503 (1967)
  36. S. Miyoshi, K. Yatsu, T. Kawabe, K. Ishii, A. Itakura, H. Izhizuka, and S. Hagiwara Proc. Seventh Intern. Conf. On Plasma Physics And Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, IAEA, Vienna 2 437 (1979)
  37. F. H. Coensgen et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 44 1132 (1980)
  38. D. D. Ryutov and G. V. Stupakov Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 240 1086 (1978); D. D. Ryutov and G. V. Stupakov Sov. Phys. Dokl. 23 412 (1978)
  39. A. I. Morozov and L. D. Solov’ev (1963), see Ref. 21, No. 2, 177; A. I. Morozov and L. D. Solov’ev Rev. Plasma Phys. Vol. 2 (1966)
  40. D. D. Ryutov and G. V. Stupakov see Ref. 20 p. page 74; D. D. Ryutov and G. V. Stupakov p. [p. 93]; D. D. Ryutov and G. V. Stupakov Rev. Plasma Phys. Vol. 13 (1987)
  41. A. A. Galeev and R. Z. Sagdeev see Ref. 20, No. 7 p. 205; A. A. Galeev and R. Z. Sagdeev p. [p. 1]; A. A. Galeev and R. Z. Sagdeev Rev. Plasma Phys. Vol. 7 (1973)
  42. T. C. Simonen, S. L. Allen, and D. E. Baldwin et al Proc. Eleventh Intern. Conf. On Plasma Physics And Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, IAEA, Vienna 2 231 (1987)
  43. T. Cho, M. Ichimura, M. Inutake, K. Ishii, A. Itakura, I. Katanuma, Y. Kiwamoto, A. Mase, S. Miyoshi, Y. Nakashima, T. Saito, K. Sawada, D.Tsubouchi, N. Yamaguchi, and K. Yatsu Ibid. (page 243.)
  44. D. Baldwin and L. D. Pearlstein Memorandum MFE/TC/78–189 (Lawrence Livermore Lab., 1978)
  45. G. V. Stupakov Fiz. Plasmy 5 958 (1979); G. V. Stupakov Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 5 534 (1979)
  46. D.A. Panov Preprint IAE-3535/6 (Moscow, 1981)
  47. L. I. Rudakov and R. Z. Sagdeev Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 138 581 (1961); L. I. Rudakov and R. Z. Sagdeev Sov. Phys. Dokl. 6 415 (1961)
  48. J. Andreoletti C. R. Acad. Sci. 257 1235 (1963)
  49. H. Furth Phys. Rev. Lett. 11 308 (1963)
  50. D. D. Ryutov Plasma Phys. Controll. Fusion. 28 191 (1986)
  51. V. V. Arsenin Pis’ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 37 534 (1983); V. V. Arsenin JETP Lett. 37 637 (1983)
  52. B. G. Logan Comments Plasma Phys. Controll. Fusion 6 199 (1981)
  53. A. A. Skovoroda Fiz. Plasmy 11 1319 (1985); A. A. Skovoroda Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 11 755 (1985)
  54. F. Hinton and M. N. Rosenbluth Nucl. Fusion 22 1547 (1982)
  55. I. A. Kotel’nikov, G. V. Roslyakov, and D. D. Ryutov Fiz. Plasmy 13 403 (1987); I. A. Kotel’nikov, G. V. Roslyakov, and D. D. Ryutov Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 13 227 (1987)
  56. D. D. Ryutov and G. V. Stupakov Pis’ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 26 186 (1985); D. D. Ryutov and G. V. Stupakov JETP Lett. 26 174 (1977)
  57. B. Lane, R. S. Post, and J. Kesner Nucl. Fusion 27 277 (1987)
  58. R. S. Post et al Proc. Eleventh Intern. Conf. On Plasma Physics And Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, IAEA, Vienna 2 251 (1987)
  59. G. I. Dimov and P. B. Lysyanski&ibreve; Preprint IYaF-SO AN SSSR (No. 86–102, Novosibirsk, 1986)
  60. N. Hershkowitz, D. A. Breun, D. A. Brouchous, J. D. Callen, C. Chan, J. R. Conrad, J. F. Ferron, S. N. Golovato, R. Goulding, S. Home, S. Kidwell, B. Nelson, H. Pershing, J. Pew, S. Ross, G. Severn, and D. Sing Proc. Tenth Intern. Conf. On Plasma Physics And Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, IAEA, Vienna 2 265 (1985)
  61. D. E. Baldwin and B. G. Logan Phys. Rev. Lett. 43 1318 (1979)
  62. M. S. Ioffe, B. I. Kanaev, V. P. Pastukhov, and E. V. Yushmanov Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 67 2149 (1974); M. S. Ioffe, B. I. Kanaev, V. P. Pastukhov, and E. V. Yushmanov Sov. Phys. JETP 40 1064 (1974)
  63. D. Baldwin "Mirror Based and Field-Reversed Approaches to Magnetic Fusion" Proc. Intern. School on Plasma Physics, Italy, Varenna Vol. 1 (1983) p. 109
  64. L. S. Pekker Preprint IYaF SO AN SSSR No. 80–161 (Novosibirsk, 1980); L. S. Pekker Fiz. Plasmy 10 61 (1984); L. S. Pekker Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 10 33 (1984)
  65. I. A. Kotel’nikov Ibid. 12 63 (1986); I. A. Kotel’nikov Ibid 12 34 (1986)
  66. D. D. Ryutov Ibid. 13 1286 (1987); D. D. Ryutov Ibid 13 741 (1987)
  67. O. A. Lavrent’ev Magnetic Traps 3 ([in Russian], Naukova Dumka, Kiev) 77 (1968)
  68. V. V. Piterskii, V. P. Pastukhov, and E. E. Yushmanov Fiz. Plasmy 13 51 (1987); V. V. Piterskii, V. P. Pastukhov, and E. E. Yushmanov Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 13 29 (1987)
  69. Yu. A. Azovskii, V. I. Karpukhin, O. A. Lavrent’ev, V. A. Maslov, M. N. Novikov, and M. G. Nozdrachov Ibid. 6 296 (1980); Yu. A. Azovskii, V. I. Karpukhin, O. A. Lavrent’ev, V. A. Maslov, M. N. Novikov, and M. G. Nozdrachov, [sic]
  70. M. S. Ioffe, B. I. Kanaev, V. P. Pastukhov, V. V. Piterskii, and E. E. Yushamov Ibid. 10 464 (1964); M. S. Ioffe, B. I. Kanaev, V. P. Pastukhov, V. V. Piterskii, and E. E. Yushamov Ibid 10 268 (1964); M. S. IofTe, B. I. Kanaev, V. P. Pastukhov, V. V. Piterskii, and E. E. Yushamov Ibid. 13 1210 (1987); M. S. IofTe, B. I. Kanaev, V. P. Pastukhov, V. V. Piterskii, and E. E. Yushamov Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 13 697 (1987)
  71. M. Haines Nucl. Fusion 17 811 (1977)
  72. G. F. Abdrashitov, A. A. Berkhtenev, V. V. Kubarev, V. E. Pal’chikov, V. I. Volosov, and Yu. N. Yudin see Ref. 63 p. page 335
  73. V. M. Panasyuk and F. A. Tsel’nik Fiz. Plasmy 1 552 (1975); V. M. Panasyuk and F. A. Tsel’nik, [sic]
  74. B. Lehnert Phys. Scripta 13 317 (1976)
  75. V. N. Bocharov, N. A. Zavadski&ibreve;, A. V. Kiselev, S. G. Konstantinov, A. V. Kudryavtsev, O. K. Myskin, V. M. Panasyuk, and F. A. Tel’kin Pis’ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 41 494 (1985); V. N. Bocharov, N. A. Zavadski&ibreve;, A. V. Kiselev, S. G. Konstantinov, A. V. Kudryavtsev, O. K. Myskin, V. M. Panasyuk, and F. A. Tel’kin JETP Lett. 41 601 (1985)
  76. A. I. Morosov see Ref. 4, Vol. 2 p. 3
  77. V. V. Mirnov and D. D. Ryutov Preprint IYaF SO AN SSSR 69–71 (Novosibirsk, 1971); V. V. Mirnov and D. D. Ryutov Nucl. Fusion 12 627 (1972)
  78. R. F. Post Phys. Rev. Lett. 18 232 (1967)
  79. J. L. Tuck see Ref. 4 Vol. 2 p. page 595
  80. G. I. Budker, V. V. Danilov, E. P. Kruglyakov, D. D. Ryutov, and E. V. Shun’ko Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 6 117 (1980); G. I. Budker, V. V. Danilov, E. P. Kruglyakov, D. D. Ryutov, and E. V. Shun’ko Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett. 6 52 (1980); G. I. Budker, V. V. Danilov, E. P. Kruglyakov, D. D. Ryutov, and E. V. Shun’ko Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 65 562 (1973); G. I. Budker, V. V. Danilov, E. P. Kruglyakov, D. D. Ryutov, and E. V. Shun’ko Sov. Phys. JETP 38 276 (1973)
  81. E. P. Kruglyakov Abstract of Doctoral Dissertation ([in Russian], IYaF SO AN SSSR, Novosibirsk, 1975)
  82. B. G. Logan, I. G. Brown, A. J. Lichtenberg, and M. A. Lieberman Phys. Rev. Lett. 29 1435 (1972); B. G. Logan, I. G. Brown, A. J. Lichtenberg, and M. A. Lieberman Phys. Fluids 17 1302 (1974)
  83. H. D. Price, A. J. Lichtenberg, M. A. Lieberman, and M. Tuszewski Nucl. Fusion 23 1043 (1983)
  84. F. Najambadi, A. J. Lichtenberg, and M. A. Lieberman Nucl. Fusion 23 609 (1983)
  85. B. A. Knyazev and P. Z. Chebotaev Ibid. 24 555 (1984)
  86. A. V. Arzhannikov, B. N. Breizman, A. V. Burdakov, V. S. Burmasov et al see Ref. 60 p. 347
  87. B. A. Knyazev, V. V. Mirnov, and P. Z. Chebotaev Problems In Atomic Science And Technology. Ser. Thermonuclear Fusion 3 ([in Russian], TsNIIatominform, Moscow) 12 (1983)
  88. V. V. Mirnov and D. D. Ryutov Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 5 678 (1979); V. V. Mirnov and D. D. Ryutov Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett. 5 279 (1979)
  89. P. A. Bagryanskij, A. A. Ivanov, V. V. Klesov, Yu. L. Koz’minykh, A. Kotel’nikov, Yu. I. Krasnikov, A. A. Podyminogin, A. I. Rogozin, G. V. Poslyakov, and D. D. Ryutov See Ref. 58 3 467
  90. K. L. Lam, B. J. Leikind, A. Y. Wong, G. Dimonte, A. Kuthi, I. Olson, and H. Zwi Phys. Fluids 29 3433 (1986)
  91. V. V. Mirnov and D. D. Ryutov See Ref. 87 1 57 (1980)
  92. A. I. Kotel’nikov, V. V. Mirnov, V. P. Nagornyj, and D. D. Ryutov see Ref. 60 p. page 309
  93. International Tokamak Reactor: Executive Summary by INTOR Group Nucl. Fusion 25 1791 (1985)
  94. TASKA A Tandem Mirror Fusion Engineering Test Facility: KFK- Reports 3311/2 And UNWFDM-500 1 2 (1982)
  95. "A Tandem Mirror Fusion Engineering Test Facility" Preprint UCID- 19328 (Lawrence Livermore Nat. Lab., 1983)
  96. V. V. Mirnov, V. P. Nagornyi, and D. D. Ryutov Preprint IYaF SO AN SSSR No. 84–40 (Novosibirsk, 1984)
  97. T. Kawabe, S. Hiroyama, Y. Kozaki, K. Yoshikawa et al Fusion Techn. 2 1 (1986)
© 1918–2024 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions