The main results are given of the experimental and theoretical investigations demonstrating the capabilities and characteristics of the spectroscopy utilizing spontaneous Raman scattering of light by polaritons. The following topics are considered: polariton dispersion; frequency-angular scattering spectra; experimental methods; intensity and line shape of scattered light; relationship of the Raman scattering of light by polaritons to the Raman scattering by optical phonons, to second harmonic generation, and to the linear electrooptic effect; characteristics of polariton spectra due to free carriers, localized modes, energy bands of two-particle states, and gyrotropy of crystals; coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering of light by polaritons.