Introduction 51
I. Theory 52
1. Statistical Characteristics of the Electromagnetic Field 52
2. Fluctuations of Electromagnetic Field in Unbounded Space 53
3. Influence of Boundaries on the Fluctuations of the Electromagnetic Field (Qualitative Analysis) 55
4. Fluctuation and Average Fields above the Boundary 56
5. Fluctuations of the Amplitude and Phase in the Far Zone 57
6. Correlation of Fluctuations above the Boundary 59
II. Experimental Investigations of Fluctuations 60
7. Procedure for the Measurement of Fluctuations of Radio Signals 60
8. Principal Characteristics of the Fluctuations 61
9. Different Types of Phase Fluctuations 63
10. Dependence of the Fluctuations on the Distance and on Meteorological Conditions 66
Conclusion 67
Literature 68

PACS: 92.60.Ta, 41.20.Jb, 92.60.hk, 02.50.−r (all)
DOI: 10.1070/PU1961v004n01ABEH003325
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/1961/1/c/
Citation: Bass F G, Braude S Ya, Kaner E A, Men’ A V "Fluctuations of electromagnetic waves in the troposphere in the presence of separation boundaries" Sov. Phys. Usp. 4 51–69 (1961)

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Оригинал: Басс Ф Г, Брауде С Я, Канер Э А, Мень А В «Флуктуации электромагнитных волн в тропосфере при наличии поверхности раздела» УФН 73 89–119 (1961); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0073.196101c.0089