RSS-ленты
РусскийEnglish
Выпуск 11, 2024
Том год страница
Выпуски Авторы PACS Подписчикам Для авторов

Выпуски

 / 

2007

 / 

Декабрь

←  →

Нобелевские лекции по физике


Анизотропия реликтового излучения: открытие и научное значение


Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Space Sciences Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA

Нобелевская лекция. Стокгольм, 8 декабря 2006 г.
Перевел с англ. К.А. Постнов. Научная редакция перевода С.М. Апенко.

Текст pdf (821 Кб)
PACS: 01.30.Bb, 98.70.Vc, 98.80.−k (все)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0177.200712d.1294
URL: https://ufn.ru/ru/articles/2007/12/d/
Цитата: Смут Дж Ф "Анизотропия реликтового излучения: открытие и научное значение" УФН 177 1294 (2007)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks
Список литературы (83) ↓ Статьи, ссылающиеся на эту (5) Похожие статьи (20)

  1. Penzias A A, Wilson R W "A measurement of excess antenna temperature at 4080 mc/s" Astrophys. J. 142 419 - 421 (1965)
  2. Dicke R H, Peebles P J E, Roll P G, Wilkinson D T "Cosmic black-body radiation" Astrophys. J. 142 414 (1965)
  3. Alpher R A, Bethe H, Gamow G "The origin of chemical elements" Phys. Rev. 73 803-804 (1948); Alpher R A, Herman R, Gamow G A "Thermonuclear reactions in the expanding Universe" Phys. Rev. 74 1198 - 1199 (1948); Alpher R A, Herman R C "The origin and abundance distribution of the elements" Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 2 1 - 40 (1953); Alpher R A, FollJ W (Jr.), Herman R C "Physical conditions in the initial stages of the expanding Universe" Phys. Rev. 92 1347-1361 (1953); Alpher R A, Gamow G, Herman R "Thermal cosmic radiation and the formation of protogalaxies" Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 58 2179-2186 (1967); Alpher R A, Herman R "Reflections on early work on ‘big bang’ cosmology" Phys. Today 41 (8) 24 (1988); Alpher R A, Herman R "Early work on ‘big-bang’ cosmology and the cosmic blackbody radiation" Modern Cosmology in Retrospect (Eds B Bertotti, R Balbinot, S Bergia) (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1990) p. 129
  4. Дорошкевич А Г, Новиков И Д ДАН СССР 154 809 (1964); Doroshkevich A G, Novikov I G Sov. Phys. Dokl. 9 111 (1964)
  5. Dicke R H, Peebles P J Space Sci. Rev. 4 419 (1965)
  6. Partridge R B 3K : The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (Cambridge Astrophys. Ser., Vol. 25) (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1995)
  7. Sachs R K, Wolfe A M "Perturbations of a Cosmological Model and angular variations of the microwave background" Astrophys. J. 147 73 (1967)
  8. Silk J "Fluctuations in the primordial fireball" Nature 215 1155-1156 (1967)
  9. Silk J "Cosmic black-body radiation and galaxy formation" Astrophys. J. 151 459-471 (1968)
  10. Hawking S W, Ellis G F R "The cosmic black-body radiation and the existence of singularities in our Universe" Astrophys. J. 152 25 (1968)
  11. Sciama D W "Peculiar velocity of the Sun and the cosmic microwave background" Phys. Rev. Lett. 18 1065 (1967)
  12. Partridge R B, Wilkinson D T Phys. Rev. Lett. 18 557 (1967)
  13. Rees M J "Polarization and spectrum of the primeval radiation in an anisotropic Universe" Astrophys. J. 153 L1 (1968)
  14. Sunyaev R A, Zeldovich Ya B Comm. Astrophys. Space Phys. 4 173 (1972); Sunyaev R A, Zeldovich Ya B Astrophys. Space Sci. 7 3 (1970)
  15. Birkinshaw M Phys. Rep. 310 97 (1999)
  16. Hawking S W "On the rotation of the Universe" Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 142 129 - 141 (1969)
  17. Fackler O, Frisch D, Martin J, Smoot G, Sompayrac L "Test of the ΔS = ΔQ rule in Ke3 decay" Phys. Rev. Lett. 31 847-850 (1973); Smoot G F, Fackler O D, Frisch D H, Martin J F, Sompayrac L M "K0 production by K+ on platinum at 3 GeV/c" Nucl. Phys. B 96 379-400 (1975)
  18. Peebles P J E Physical Cosmology (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1971); Peebles P J E Principles of Physical Cosmology (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1993) p. 168
  19. Stewart J M, Sciama D W "Peculiar velocity of the Sun and its relation to the cosmic microwave background" Nature 216 748 (1967)
  20. Smoot G F, Gorenstein M V, Muller R A "Detection of anisotropy in the cosmic blackbody radiation" Phys. Rev. Lett. 39 898 (1977)
  21. Gorenstein M V, Smoot G F "Large-angular-scale anisotropy in the cosmic background radiation" Astrophys. J. 244 361-381 (1981)
  22. Gorenstein M V, Muller R A, Smoot G F, Tyson A J "Radiometer system to map the cosmic background radiation" Rev. Sci. Instrum. 49 440 (1978)
  23. Smoot G F, Lubin P M "Southern Hemisphere measurements of the anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background radiation" Astrophys. J. Lett. 234 L83-L86 (1979)
  24. Smoot G F "‘Aether drift’ and the isotropy of the Universe: A measurement of anisotropies in the primordial black-body radiation" Semi-Anual Report, Ser. 20, No. 17, 1 Nov. 1978 – 31 Oct. 1979 (Berkeley: Univ. of California, Lawrence Berkeley Lab., 1978)
  25. Janssen M, Bednarczyk S, Gulkis S, Marlin H, Smoot G "Pattern measurements of a low-sidelobe horn antenna" IEEE Trans. Anten. Propag. 27 551 - 555 (1979)
  26. Toral M A, Ratliff R B, Lecha M C, Maruschak J G, Bennett C L, Soot G F "Measurements of very low-sidelobe conical horn antennas" IEEE Trans. Anten. Propag. 37 171 - 177 (1989)
  27. Nanos G P (Jr.) "Polarization of the blackbody radiation at 3.2 centimeters" Astrophys. J. 232 341347 (1979)
  28. Lubin P M, Smoot G F "Search for linear polarization of the cosmic background radiation" Phys. Rev. Lett. 42 129-132 (1979)
  29. Lubin P, Melese P, Smoot G "Linear and circular polarization of the cosmic background radiation" Astrophys. J. Lett. 273 L51-L54 (1983)
  30. Lubin P M, Epstein G L, Smoot G F "3-mm anisotropy measurement and the quadrupole component in the cosmic background radiation" Phys. Rev. Lett. 50 616 (1983); Lubin P, Villela T, Epstein G, Smoot G "A map of the cosmic background radiation at 3 millimeters" Astrophys. J. Lett. 298 L1-L5 (1985)
  31. Lubin P M, Epstein G L, Smoot G F "Four-WAY stretch Universe denied" Sci. News 123 126 (1983); Friedmann A A, Boynton P, Melchiori F, Smoot G "A possible 4-WAY stretch in the Universe" Sci. News 117 54 (1980)
  32. Lubin P, Villela T, Epstein G, Smoot G F "A map of the cosmic background radiation at 3 millimeters" Astrophys. J. Lett. 298 L1-L5 (1985)
  33. Peebles P J E Principles of Physical Cosmology (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1993) p. 168
  34. Roll P G, Wilkinson D T "Cosmic background radiation at 3.2 cm — support for cosmic black-body radiation" Phys. Rev. Lett. 16 405 (1966); Roll P G, Wilkinson D T "Measurement of cosmic background radiation at 3.2-cm wavelength" Ann. Phys. (New York) 44 289 (1967)
  35. Stokes R A, Partridge R B, Wilkinson D T "New measurements of the cosmic microwave background at λ = 3.2 cm and λ = 1.58 cm — evidence in support of a blackbody spectrum" Phys. Rev. Lett. 19 1199 - 1202 (1967); Wilkinson D T "Measurement of the cosmic microwave background at 8.56-mm wavelength" Phys. Rev. Lett. 19 1195 - 1198 (1967); Boynton P E, Stokes R A, Wilkinson D T "Primeval fireball intensity at λ = 3.3 mm" Phys. Rev. Lett. 21 462 (1968)
  36. Danese L, de Zotti G "The relic radiation spectrum and the thermal history of the Universe" Nuovo Cimento Riv. Ser. 2 7 277 - 362 (1977)
  37. Danese L, de Zotti G "Double Compton process and the spectrum of the microwave background" Astron. Astrophys. 107 39 (1982)
  38. Smoot G F, De Amici G, Friedman S D, Witebsky C, Mandolesi N, Partridge R B, Sironi G, Danese L, De Zotti G "Low-frequency measurement of the spectrum of the cosmic background radiation" Phys. Rev. Lett. 51 1099-1102 (1983); Smoot G F, De Amici G, Friedman S D, Witebsky C, Mandolesi N, Partridge R B, Sironi G, Danese L, De Zotti G "New multifrequency measurements of the spectrum of the cosmic background radiation" Classical Relativity and Gravitation: Proc. of the 10th Intern. Conf. on General Relativity and Gravitation, July 4 – 9, 1983, Padova, Italy Vol. 1 (Eds B Bertotti, F de Felice, A Pascolini) (Rome: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 1983) p. 865
  39. Smoot G, de Amici G, Friedman S D, Witebski C, Mandolesi N, Partridge R B, Sironi G, Danese L, de Zotti G "New multifrequency measurements of the spectrum of the cosmic background radiation" High-Energy Astrophysics and Cosmology : Proc. of the COSPAR/IAU Symp., Pamporovo, Bulgaria, July 18 – 23, 1983 (Eds G F Bignami, R A Sunyaev) (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1984) p. 465; Smoot G, de Amici G, Friedman S D, Witebski C, Mandolesi N, Partridge R B, Sironi G, Danese L, de Zotti G Adv. Space Res. 3 (10) 465-467 (1984)
  40. Smoot G F, Bensadoun M, Bersanelli M, de Amici G, Kogut A, Levin S, Witebsky C "Long-wavelength measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation spectrum" Astrophys. J. Lett. 317 L45-L49 (1987)
  41. Smoot G, Levin S M, Witebsky C, de Amici G, Rephaeli Y "An analysis of recent measurements of the temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation" Astrophys. J. 331 653-659 (1988)
  42. Johnson D G, Wilkinson D T "A 1 % measurement of the temperature of the cosmic microwave radiation at λ = 1.2 cm" Astrophys. J. Lett. 313 L1-L4 (1987)
  43. Staggs S T et al. "A measurement of the cosmic background spectrum at 1.4 GHz" Astrophys. Lett. Commun. 32 3 - 6 (1995)
  44. Fixsen D J, Kogut A, Levin S, Limon M, Lubin P, Mirel P, Seiffert M, Wollack E "The temperature of the cosmic microwave background at 10 GHz" Astrophys. J. 612 86-95 (2004)
  45. Mather J C et al. "Measurement of the cosmic microwave background spectrum by the COBE FIRAS instrument" Astrophys. J. 420 439-444 (1994)
  46. Smoot G, Bennett C, Weber R, Maruschak J, Ratliff R, Janssen M, Chitwood J, Hilliard L, Lecha M, Mills R, Patschke R, Richards C, Backus C, Mather J, Hauser M, Weiss R, Wilkinson D, Gulkis S, Boggess N, Cheng E, Kelsall T, Lubin P, Meyer S, Moseley H, Murdock T, Shafer R, Silverberg R, Wright E "COBE differential microwave radiometers — instrument design and implementation" Astrophys. J. 360 685-695 (1990)
  47. Smoot G F et al. "Structure in the COBE differential microwave radiometer first-year maps" Astrophys. J. 396 L1-L5 (1992)
  48. Davis R L, Hodges H M, Smoot G F, Steinhardt P J, Turner M S "Cosmic microwave background probes models of inflation" Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 1856 - 1859 (1993); Smoot G F, Steinhardt P J "Gravity's rainbow (microwave anisotropy and gravitational waves)" Class. Quantum Grav. 10 S19 - S32 (1993)
  49. Smoot G F et al. "Statistics and topology of the COBE differential microwave radiometer first-year sky maps" Astrophys. J. 437 1-11 (1994)
  50. Torres S, Aymon J, Backus C, Bennett C, Gulkis S, Hollenhorst R, Hon D, Huang Q H, Janssen M, Keihm S, Olson L, Smoot G F, Wright E Proc. of the Third Intern. Workshop on Data Analysis in Astronomy, June 20 – 27, 1988, Erice, Sicily, Italy (Ettore Majorana Intern. Sci. Ser. Phys. Sci., Vol. 40, Eds V Di Gesù, L Scarsi, P Crane, J H Friedman, S Levialdi, M C Maccarone) (New York: Plenum Press, 1989) p. 319
  51. Spergel D N et al. "Wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe (WMAP) three year results: Implications for cosmology" astro-ph/0603449; Spergel D N et al. "Three-year Wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe (WMAP) observations: Implications for cosmology" Astrophys. J. Suppl. 170 377 (2007)
  52. Smoot G F astro-ph/9705135
  53. Seljak U, Zaldarriaga M Astrophys. J. 469 437 (1996)
  54. Keegstra P B, Smoot G F, Gorski K M, Hinshaw G, Tenorio L "Generalized spherical harmonics for all-sky polarization studies" Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems VI" (Astron. Soc. of the Pacific Conf. Ser., Vol. 125, Eds G Hunt, H E Payne) (San Francisco, Calif.: Astron. Soc. of the Pacific, 1997) p. 198
  55. Kogut A, Banday A J, Bennett C L, Gorski K M, Hinshaw G, Jackson P D, Keegstra P, Lineweaver C, Smoot G F, Tenorio L, Wright E L "Calibration and systematic error analysis for the COBE DMR 4 year sky maps" Astrophys. J. 470 653 (1996)
  56. Perlmutter S et al. "Measurements of Ω and Λ from 42 high-redshift supernovae" Astrophys. J. 517 565-586 (1999)
  57. Riess A G et al. "Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant" Astron. J. 116 1009-1038 (1998); astro-ph/9805201
  58. Planck Science Team, PLANCK BLUEBOOK, www.rssd.esa.int/Planck/
  59. Smoot G, Davidson K Wrinkles in Time (New York: Avon Books, 1993)
  60. Smoot G F "COBE observations of the early universe" J. R. Astron. Soc. Can. 88 114 (1994)
  61. Wright E L et al. "Interpretation of the cosmic microwave background radiation anisotropy detected by the COBE Differential Microwave Radiometer" Astrophys. J. 396 L13-L18 (1992)
  62. Boggess N W et al. "The COBE mission — Its design and performance two years after launch" Astrophys. J. 397 420-429 (1992)
  63. Hu W, Dodelson S Anun. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 40 171 (2002); Carlstrom J E, Holder G P, Reese E D Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 40 643 (2002)
  64. Kogut A et al. Astrophys. J. Suppl. 148 161 (2003)
  65. Hu W, Dodelson S "COBE: Cosmic Background Explorer" Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 40 171 (2002)
  66. Smoot Group. Astrophysics & Cosmology, cosmos.lbl.gov/
  67. WMAP, Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, map.gsfc.nasa.gov/
  68. Planck Science Team Home, www.rssd.esa.int/Planck/
  69. Harrison E R "Fluctuations at the threshold of classical cosmology" Phys. Rev. D 1 2726 (1970); Peebles P J E, Yu J T "Primeval adiabatic perturbation in an expanding universe" Astrophys. J. 162 815 (1970); Zel'dovich Ya B "A hypothesis, unifying the structure and entropy of the universe" Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 160 1P (1972)
  70. Cheng E S, Saulson P R, Wilkinson D T, Corey B E "Large-scale anisotropy in the 2.7 K radiation" Astrophys. J. Lett. 232 L139-L143 (1979)
  71. Boughn S P, Cheng E S, Wilkinson D T "Dipole and quadrupole anisotropy of the 2.7 K radiation" Astrophys. J. Lett. 243 L113-L117 (1981)
  72. Fixsen D J, Cheng E S, Wilkinson D T "Large-scale anisotropy in the 2.7-K radiation with a balloon-borne maser radiometer at 24.5 GHz" Phys. Rev. Lett. 50 620-622 (1983)
  73. Uson J M, Wilkinson D T "Small-scale isotropy of the cosmic microwave background at 19.5 GHz" Astrophys. J. 283 471-478 (1984); Uson J M, Wilkinson D T "Improved limits on small-scale anisotropy in cosmic microwave background" Nature 312 427-429 (1984)
  74. Timbie P T, Wilkinson D T "A search for anisotropy in the cosmic microwave radiation at medium angular scales" Astrophys. J. 353 140-144 (1990)
  75. ConklE K, Bracewell R N Phys. Rev. Lett. 18 614 (1967)
  76. Fixsen D J Astrophys. J. 473 576 (1996)
  77. Peebles P J E, Yu J T Astrophys. J. 162 815 (1970)
  78. Sciama D W "Eppur Si Muove" Comm. Astrophys. Space Phys. 4 35 (1972)
  79. Carlstrom J E, Joy M, Grego L, Holder G, Holzapfel W L, LaRoque S, Mohr J J, Reese E D "The Sunyaev – Zel'dovich effect: Results and future prospects"" Constructing the Universe with Clusters of Galaxies, IAP 2000 Meeting, Paris, France, July 2000 (Eds F Durret, D Gerbal); Carlstrom J E, Joy M, Grego L, Holder G, Holzapfel W L, LaRoque S, Mohr J J, Reese E D astro-ph/0103480
  80. South Pole Telescope, cosmology.berkeley.edu/group/swlh/sp/_telescope/; South Pole Telescope, spt.uchicago.edu/
  81. Jarosik et al. "Three-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: beam proéles, data processing, radiometer characterization, and systematic error limits" astro-ph/0603452; Jarosik N et al. Astrophys. J. Suppl. 170 263 (2007)
  82. Hu W, White M Astrophys. J. 479 568 (1997)
  83. Kovac J M, Leitch E M, Pryke C, Carlstrom J E, Halverson N W, Holzapfel W L "Detection of polarization in the cosmic microwave background using DASI" Nature 420 772-787 (2002); Leitch E M, Kovac J M, Halverson N W, Carlstrom J E, Pryke C, Smith M W E "Degree Angular Scale Interferometer 3 year cosmic microwave background polarization results" Astrophys. J. 624 10-20 (2005)
© Успехи физических наук, 1918–2024
Электронная почта: ufn@ufn.ru Телефоны и адреса редакции О журнале Пользовательское соглашение