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Issue 11, 2026
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Reviews of topical problems


Non-linear phenomena in the ionospheric F-region induced by extraordinary polarized powerful HF radio waves

†  a, ‡  a, §  a, *  b, #  b
a Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, 38 Bering Str., St. Petersburg, 199397, Russian Federation
b Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Lermontova str. 125a, Irkutsk, 664033, Russian Federation

The review is based on the investigation results of features and generation conditions of various non-linear phenomena in the high-latitude ionospheric F-region induced by the extraordinary polarized powerful HF radio waves. It examines the following: (1) artificial field-aligned irregularities (AFAI); (2) ducts of enhanced electron density; (3) narrowband (± 1 kHz of the heater frequency) stimulated electromagnetic emission (NSEE); (4) HF-induced Langmuir radio-induced and ion-acoustic plasma waves; (5) radio-induced optical emissions (RIOE) in the red and green lines of atomic oxygen. Features of non-linear phenomena induced by the ordinary (O-mode) and extraordinary (X-mode) HF pumping were compared, including nonresonance phenomena excited at high effective radiated power (ERP > 300 MW), when the pump wave is not reflected from the ionosphere. Prospects for development of research on ionospheric modification by powerful HF radio waves in Russia are briefly considered.

Typically, an English full text is available in about 1 month from the date of publication of the original article.

Correspondence should be addressed to
Keywords: powerful HF radio wave, extraordinary polarization, ordinary polarization, high latitude ionosphere, nonlinear phenomena, artificial ionospheric irregularities, plasma waves, electron acceleration, duct, narrowband stimulated electromagnetic emission, radio-induced optical emission, nonresonance phenomena
PACS: 41.20.Jb, 52.35.−g, 94.20.−y (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2026.03.040115
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2026/8/c/
Citation: Blagoveshchenskaya N F, Kalishin A S, Borisova T D, Vasilyev R V, Zherebtsov G A "Non-linear phenomena in the ionospheric F-region induced by extraordinary polarized powerful HF radio waves" Phys. Usp. 69 (8) (2026)

Received: 29th, December 2025, revised: 19th, March 2026, 29th, March 2026

Оригинал: Благовещенская Н Ф, Калишин А С, Борисова Т Д, Васильев Р В, Жеребцов Г А «Нелинейные явления в F-области ионосферы при воздействии мощными радиоволнами КВ-диапазона необыкновенной поляризации» УФН 196 842–866 (2026); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2026.03.040115

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