Considerable observational evidence suggests that the activity of supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei is transient. The term "active galactic nuclei archaeology" has even been coined. This implies the possibility of reconstructing the history of activity, such as changes in the nuclear luminosity over time across various ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum, by analyzing how this activity manifested itself on galactic and extragalactic spatial scales. These phenomena include relic radio structures, gas clouds illuminated by the 'ionizing echo' of past activity, and Fermi/eROSITA bubbles. We provide a review of the results galactic nucleus activity studies, focusing on its observable impact on the intergalactic medium and circumgalactic environment. Our main focus is on optical observations of ionization cones and evidence of switching between radiative (ionization cones) and kinetic (radio jets) modes of nuclear activity.