The establishment of the Institute for Physical Problems was a unique project of the Soviet government: it was set up for the scientific work of Peter Leonidovich Kapitza. The paper presents the history of the P.L. Kapitza Institute for Physical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences from its establishment in 1934 to the present day. It describes how the institute changed with changes in the country and how the structure, tasks, and topics of the institute's work have changed over the years of its existence. The most outstanding work of the institute's employers is presented, and the current state of the institute and the areas of its activities are described.

Keywords: Peter Kapitza, Institute for Physical Problems, Lev Landau, low-temperature physics, superfluidity, liquefaction of gases, history of physics in the USSR PACS: 01.10.Fv, 01.52.+r, 01.65.+g (all) DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2024.12.039868 URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2025/7/g/ 2-s2.0-105013746943 2025PhyU...68..700T Citation: Troyanovskiy A M "History of P.L. Kapitza Institute for Physical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences" Phys. Usp. 68 700–710 (2025) BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks Received: 18th, December 2024, accepted: 18th, December 2024 Оригинал: Трояновский А М «История Института физических проблем им. П.Л. Капицы Российской академии наук» УФН 195 748–758 (2025); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2024.12.039868