A review of the properties of dissipative solitons with different dimensions and various topological characteristics in lasers and laser systems with saturable absorption is presented. Unlike conservative solitons, laser solitons are attractors, the increased stability of which is caused by the balance of energy inflow and outflow. The topology of laser solitons is due to their complex internal structure, which is determined by the field of radiation energy fluxes, and the energy characteristics are an important addition to the topological characteristics. The equation of their dynamics — the generalized Ginzburg—Landau equation — reflects the basic features of open nonlinear systems of various natures. The topological features of solitons expand the range of manifestations of their quantum fluctuations.

Keywords: dissipative, laser, topological, multidimensional solitons; quantum fluctuations PACS: 42.50.Lc, 42.55.−f, 42.65.−k, 42.65.Tg (all) DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2020.11.038869 URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2022/2/b/ 000805351300003 2-s2.0-85129796764 2022PhyU...65..131V Citation: Veretenov N A, Rosanov N N, Fedorov S V "Laser solitons: topological and quantum phenomena" Phys. Usp. 65 131–162 (2022) BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks Received: 18th, August 2020, revised: 14th, November 2020, accepted: 18th, November 2020 Оригинал: Веретенов Н А, Розанов Н Н, Федоров С В «Лазерные солитоны: топологические и квантовые эффекты» УФН 192 143–176 (2022); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2020.11.038869