RSS feeds
РусскийEnglish
Issue 11, 2024
Volume year page
Issues Authors PACS Subscription For authors

Issues

 / 

2022

 / 

February

←  →

Reviews of topical problems


Localized excitons and trions in semiconductor nanosystems

† , ‡ 
Ioffe Institute, ul. Polytekhnicheskaya 26, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation

The optical properties of semiconductors and nanoheterostructures based on them are determined near the fundamental absorption edge by electron--hole complexes such as excitons and charged three-particle complexes, aka trions. We present the results of theoretical studies of the structure and binding energies of localized excitons and trions in nanosystems within the variational approach. This approach is applicable to a wide range of semiconducting systems, from quantum wells, wires, and dots based on classical group III—V and II—VI semiconductors to van der Waals heterostructures made of monolayers of transition-metal dichalcogenides. We also discuss many-particle effects in structures containing resident charge carriers. Our treatment of theoretical approaches is accompanied by a discussion of extensive experimental results available in the literature.

Fulltext pdf (1.3 MB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2020.11.038867
Keywords: exciton, trion, binding energy, wave function, localization, quantum well, monolayer of transition-metal dichalcogenides, variational method, optical spectrum
PACS: 78.20.Bh, 78.30.Fs, 78.66.Li, 78.67.−n, 78.67.De (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2020.11.038867
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2022/2/a/
000805351300002
2-s2.0-85126940785
2022PhyU...65..111S
Citation: Semina M A, Suris R A "Localized excitons and trions in semiconductor nanosystems" Phys. Usp. 65 111–130 (2022)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Received: 18th, August 2020, revised: 14th, November 2020, 18th, November 2020

Оригинал: Семина М А, Сурис Р А «Локализованные экситоны и трионы в полупроводниковых наносистемах» УФН 192 121–142 (2022); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2020.11.038867

References (230) ↓ Cited by (11) Similar articles (20)

  1. Frenkel J Phys. Rev. 37 17 (1931)
  2. Frenkel J Phys. Rev. 37 1276 (1931)
  3. Wannier G H Phys. Rev. 52 191 (1937)
  4. Mott N F Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 167 384 (1938)
  5. Gross E F, Karryev N A Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 84 261 (1952)
  6. Knox R S J. Phys. Chem. Solids 9 265 (1959)
  7. Knox R S Theory Of Excitons (Solid State Physics. Supplement 5) (New York: Academic Press, 1963)
  8. Lampert M A Phys. Rev. Lett. 1 450 (1958)
  9. Urey H C Phys. Rev. 27 216 (1926)
  10. Bethe H Z. Phys. 57 815 (1929)
  11. Elkomoss S G, Amer A S Phys. Rev. B 11 2925 (1975)
  12. Stébé B, Munschy G Solid State Commun. 17 1051 (1975)
  13. Stébé B, Comte C Phys. Rev. B 15 3967 (1977)
  14. Combescot R Phys. Rev. B 100 245201 (2019)
  15. Kawabata T, Muro K, Narita S Solid State Commun. 23 267 (1977)
  16. Thomas G A, Rice T M Solid State Commun. 23 359 (1977)
  17. Stébé B et al Solid State Commun. 26 637 (1978)
  18. Bastard G et al Phys. Rev. B 26 1974 (1982)
  19. Schilling R, Mattis D C Phys. Rev. Lett. 49 808 (1982)
  20. Bobrysheva A I, Grodetskii M V, Zyukov V T J. Phys. C 16 5723 (1983)
  21. Stébé B, Ainane A Superlatt. Microstruct. 5 545 (1989)
  22. Kheng K et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 1752 (1993)
  23. Finkelstein G, Shtrikman H, Bar-Joseph I Phys. Rev. B 53 R1709 (1996)
  24. Brown J W, Spector H N Phys. Rev. B 35 3009 (1987)
  25. Degani M H, Hipólito O Phys. Rev. B 35 9345 (1987)
  26. Esser A, Zimmermann R, Runge E Phys. Status Solidi B 227 317 (2001)
  27. Tsuchiya T Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 15 3985 (2001)
  28. Otterburg T et al Phys. Rev. B 71 033301 (2005)
  29. Akiyama H et al Solid State Commun. 122 169 (2002)
  30. Ichida M et al Phys. Rev. B 65 241407 (2002)
  31. Wang Z et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 047403 (2006)
  32. Bulashevich K A, Suris R A, Rotkin S V Int. J. Nanosci. 2 521 (2003)
  33. Pedersen T G Phys. Rev. B 67 073401 (2003)
  34. Rønnow T F, Pedersen T G, Cornean H D Phys. Rev. B 81 205446 (2010)
  35. Grundmann M et al Phys. Rev. B 53 R10509 (1996)
  36. Wojs A, Hawrylak P Phys. Rev. B 51 10880 (1995)
  37. Hartmann A et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 5648 (2000)
  38. Novoselov K S et al Science 353 aac9439 (2016)
  39. Geim A K, Grigorieva I V Nature 499 419 (2013)
  40. Mak K F et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 136805 (2010)
  41. Splendiani A et al Nano Lett. 10 1271 (2010)
  42. Wang Q H et al Nat. Nanotechnol. 7 699 (2012)
  43. Mak K F, Shan J Nat. Photon. 10 216 (2016)
  44. Cadiz F et al Phys. Rev. X 7 021026 (2017)
  45. Xiao D et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 196802 (2012)
  46. Cao T et al Nat. Commun. 3 887 (2012)
  47. Chernikov A et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 076802 (2014)
  48. Wang G et al Rev. Mod. Phys. 90 021001 (2018)
  49. Durnev M V, Glazov M M Usp. Fiz. Nauk 188 913 (2018); Durnev M V, Glazov M M Phys. Usp. 61 825 (2018)
  50. Dacal L C O et al Phys. Rev. B 65 115325 (2002)
  51. Filinov A V et al Phys. Rev. B 70 035323 (2004)
  52. Suris R A Optical Properties Of 2D Systems With Interacting Electrons (NATO Science Series. Ser. II) Vol. 119 (Eds W J Ossau, R Suris) (Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. Publ., 2003) p. 111
  53. Pines D Elementary Excitations In Solids (New York: W.A. Benjamin, 1963); Per. na russk. yaz., Pains D Elementarnye Vozbuzhdeniya v Tverdykh Telakh (M.: Mir, 1965)
  54. Pikus F G Fizika Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov 26 45 (1992); Pikus F G Sov. Phys. Semicond. 26 26 (1992)
  55. Bigenwald P et al Phys. Rev. B 61 15621 (2000)
  56. Bigenwald P et al Phys. Rev. B 63 035315 (2001)
  57. Cox R T et al Phys. Rev. B 69 235303 (2004)
  58. Suris R et al Phys. Status Solidi B 227 343 (2001)
  59. Courtade E et al Phys. Rev. B 96 085302 (2017)
  60. Mak K F et al Nat. Mater. 12 207 (2013)
  61. Ross J S et al Nat. Commun. 4 1474 (2013)
  62. Ivchenko E L Optical Spectroscopy Of Semiconductor Nanostructures (Harrow: Alpha Science, 2005)
  63. Reithmaier J-P, Höger R, Riechert H Phys. Rev. B 43 4933 (1991)
  64. Korobov V I Phys. Rev. A 61 064503 (2000)
  65. Bailey D H, Frolov A M J. Phys. B 35 4287 (2002)
  66. Karr J-Ph et al Can. J. Phys. 85 497 (2007)
  67. Chandrasekhar S Astrophys. J. 100 176 (1944)
  68. Varga K, Suzuki Y Phys. Rev. A 53 1907 (1996)
  69. Thilagam A Phys. Rev. B 55 7804 (1997)
  70. Sergeev R A, Suris R A Fiz. Tverd. Tela 43 714 (2001); Sergeev R A, Suris R A Phys. Solid State 43 746 (2001)
  71. Hill R N Phys. Rev. Lett. 38 643 (1977)
  72. Larsen D M, McCann S Y Phys. Rev. B 45 3485 (1992)
  73. Sergeev R A, Suris R A Phys. Status Solidi B 227 387 (2001)
  74. Kormányos A et al 2D Mater. 2 022001 (2015)
  75. Rytova N S Vestn. MGU. Ser. Fiz. Astron. (3) 30 (1967); Rytova N S Moscow Univ. Phys. Bull. 22 (3) 18 (1967)
  76. Keldysh L V Pis’ma ZhETF 29 716 (1979); Keldysh L V JETP Lett. 29 658 (1979)
  77. Keldysh L V Phys. Status Solidi A 164 3 (1997)
  78. Berkelbach T C, Hybertsen M S, Reichman D R Phys. Rev. B 88 045318 (2013)
  79. Kezerashvili R Ya, Tsiklauri S M Few-Body Syst. 58 18 (2017)
  80. Asriyan N A et al Phys. Rev. B 99 085108 (2019)
  81. Semina M A Fiz. Tverd. Tela 61 2234 (2019); Semina M A Phys. Solid State 61 2218 (2019)
  82. Cudazzo P, Tokatly I V, Rubio A Phys. Rev. B 84 085406 (2011)
  83. Wu F, Qu F, MacDonald A H Phys. Rev. B 91 075310 (2015)
  84. Muljarov E A et al Phys. Rev. B 51 14370 (1995)
  85. Glazov M M, Chernikov A Phys. Status Solidi B 255 1800216 (2018)
  86. Robert C et al Phys. Rev. Mater. 2 011001 (2018)
  87. Fang H H et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 067401 (2019)
  88. Wang G et al Phys. Rev. B 90 075413 (2014)
  89. McCreary K M et al Sci. Rep. 6 35154 (2016)
  90. Shang J et al ACS Nano 9 647 (2015)
  91. Yu H et al Nat. Commun. 5 3876 (2014)
  92. Borghardt S et al Phys. Rev. B 101 161402 (2020)
  93. Cheiwchanchamnangij T, Lambrecht W R L Phys. Rev. B 85 205302 (2012)
  94. Van Tuan D, Yang M, Dery H Phys. Rev. B 98 125308 (2018)
  95. Szyniszewski M et al Phys. Rev. B 95 081301 (2017)
  96. He K et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 026803 (2014)
  97. Wang G et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 097403 (2015)
  98. Larentis S et al Phys. Rev. B 97 201407 (2018)
  99. Pisoni R et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 247701 (2018)
  100. Glazov M M et al Phys. Rev. B 100 041301 (2019)
  101. Arora A et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 167401 (2019)
  102. Kośmider K, González J W, Fernández-Rossier J Phys. Rev. B 88 245436 (2013)
  103. Pikus G E, Averkiev N S Pis’ma ZhETF 34 28 (1981); Pikus G E, Averkiev N S JETP Lett. 34 26 (1981)
  104. Otterburg T et al Phys. Rev. B 71 033301 (2005)
  105. Finkelstein G, Shtrikman H, Bar-Joseph I Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 976 (1995)
  106. Shields A J et al Phys. Rev. B 51 18049 (1995)
  107. Finkelstein G, Shtrikman H, Bar-Joseph I Phys. Rev. B 53 R1709 (1996)
  108. Loudon R Am. J. Phys. 27 649 (1959)
  109. Javanainen J, Eberly J H, Su Q Phys. Rev. A 38 3430 (1988)
  110. Su Q, Eberly J H, Javanainen J Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 862 (1990)
  111. Zhang F C, Das Sarma S Phys. Rev. B 33 2903 (1986)
  112. Jauregui K, Häusler W, Kramer B Europhys. Lett. 24 581 (1993)
  113. Schulz H J Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 1864 (1993)
  114. Fabrizio M, Gogolin A O, Scheidl S Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 2235 (1994)
  115. Egger R, Grabert H Phys. Rev. B 55 9929 (1997)
  116. Semina M A, Sergeev R A, Suris R A Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn. 42 1459 (2008); Semina M A, Sergeev R A, Suris R A Semiconductors 42 1427 (2008)
  117. Chaplik A V Phys. Low-Dim. Struct. 9/10 131 (1999)
  118. Szafran B et al Phys. Rev. B 71 235305 (2005)
  119. Sidor Y, Partoens B, Peeters F M Phys. Rev. B 77 205413 (2008)
  120. Slachmuylders A F et al Phys. Rev. B 76 075405 (2007)
  121. Sergeev R A et al Eur. Phys. J. B 47 541 (2005)
  122. Dremin A A, Larionov A V, Timofeev V B Fiz. Tverd. Tela 46 168 (2004); Dremin A A, Larionov A V, Timofeev V B Phys. Solid State 46 170 (2004)
  123. Kukushkin I V et al Semicond. Sci. Technol. 26 014023 (2011)
  124. Butov L V et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 304 (1994)
  125. Lobanov S V, Gippius N A, Butov L V Phys. Rev. B 94 245401 (2016)
  126. Peeters F M, Golub J E Phys. Rev. B 43 5159 (1991)
  127. Dignam M M, Sipe J E Phys. Rev. B 43 4084 (1991)
  128. Bigenwald P, Gil B Phys. Rev. B 51 9780 (1995)
  129. Shields A J et al Phys. Rev. B 55 1318 (1997)
  130. Kulakovskii D V, Lozovik Yu E Pis’ma ZhETF 76 598 (2002); Kulakovskii D, Lozovik Yu JETP Lett. 76 516 (2002)
  131. Timofeev V B et al Phys. Rev. B 60 8897 (1999)
  132. Sergeev R A, Suris R A Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn. 37 1235 (2003); Sergeev R A, Suris R A Semiconductors 37 1205 (2003)
  133. Semina M A, Suris R A Pis’ma ZhETF 94 614 (2011); Semina M A, Suris R A JETP Lett. 94 574 (2011)
  134. Greene R L, Lane P Phys. Rev. B 34 8639 (1986)
  135. Blom A et al Phys. Rev. B 65 155302 (2002)
  136. Fock V Z. Phys. 98 145 (1935)
  137. Pauli W (Jr.) Z. Phys. 36 336 (1926)
  138. Jauch J M, Hill E L Phys. Rev. 57 641 (1940)
  139. Parfitt D G W, Portnoi M E J. Math. Phys. 43 4681 (2002)
  140. Mota R D et al J. Phys. A 35 2979 (2002)
  141. Calman E V et al Nat. Commun. 9 1895 (2018)
  142. Jin C et al Nature 567 76 (2019)
  143. Seyler K L et al Nature 567 66 (2019)
  144. Tran K et al Nature 567 71 (2019)
  145. Gerber I C et al Phys. Rev. B 99 035443 (2019)
  146. Slobodeniuk A O et al 2D Mater. 6 025026 (2019)
  147. Bondarev I V Mod. Phys. Lett. B 30 1630006 (2016)
  148. Bondarev I V, Vladimirova M R Phys. Rev. B 97 165419 (2018)
  149. Berman O L, Kezerashvili R Ya Phys. Rev. B 96 094502 (2017)
  150. Brunetti M N, Berman O L, Kezerashvili R Ya J. Phys. Condens. Matter 30 225001 (2018)
  151. Kezerashvili R Ya, Spiridonova A Phys. Rev. Res. 3 033078 (2021)
  152. Riva C, Peeters F M, Varga K Phys. Rev. B 61 13873 (2000)
  153. Peeters F M, Riva C, Varga K Physica B 300 139 (2001)
  154. Wojtowicz G K T, Kutrowski M, Kossut J Acta Phys. Polon. A 94 199 (1998)
  155. Huard V et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 187 (2000)
  156. Kochereshko V P et al Phys. Status Solidi B 221 345 (2000)
  157. Yan Z C et al Phys. Rev. B 52 5907 (1995)
  158. Kaur R et al Phys. Status Solidi A 178 465 (2000)
  159. Esser A et al Phys. Rev. B 62 8232 (2000)
  160. Kheng K, Saminadayar K, Magnea N J. Crystal Growth 184-185 849 (1998)
  161. Homburg O et al Phys. Rev. B 62 7413 (2000)
  162. Astakhov G V et al Phys. Rev. B 65 165335 (2002)
  163. Petroff P M J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 14 973 (1977)
  164. Weisbuch C et al J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 17 1128 (1980)
  165. Bastard G et al Phys. Rev. B 29 7042 (1984)
  166. Delalande C, Meynadier M H, Voos M Phys. Rev. B 31 2497 (1985)
  167. Bracker A S et al Phys. Rev. B 72 035332 (2005)
  168. Thornton T J et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 63 2128 (1989)
  169. Notomi M, Okamoto M, Tamamura T J. Appl. Phys. 75 4161 (1994)
  170. Quang D N, Tung N H Phys. Rev. B 62 15337 (2000)
  171. Baranovskii S D, Efros A L Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn. 12 2233 (1978); Baranovskii S D, Efros A L Sov. Phys. Semicond. 12 1328 (1978)
  172. Baranovskii S D et al Phys. Rev. B 48 17149 (1993)
  173. Litvinov V I, Razeghi M Phys. Rev. B 59 9783 (1999)
  174. Bryant G W Phys. Rev. B 29 6632 (1984)
  175. Brown J W, Spector H N J. Appl. Phys. 59 1179 (1986)
  176. Bastard G Phys. Rev. B 24 4714 (1981)
  177. Harris C I et al Phys. Rev. B 51 13221 (1995)
  178. Kulakovskii V D, Butov L V Usp. Fiz. Nauk 165 229 (1995); Kulakovskii V D, Butov L V Phys. Usp. 38 219 (1995)
  179. Hawrylak P, Wojs A Semicond. Sci. Technol. 11 1516 (1996)
  180. Hawrylak P Phys. Rev. B 60 5597 (1999)
  181. Bacher G et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 4417 (1999)
  182. Bimberg D, Grundmann M, Ledenstov N N Quantum Dot Heterostructures (New York: Wiley, 1999)
  183. Bayer M et al Phys. Rev. B 65 195315 (2002)
  184. Urbaszek B et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 247403 (2003)
  185. Karrai K et al Nature 427 135 (2004)
  186. Durnev M V et al Phys. Rev. B 87 085315 (2013)
  187. Durnev M V et al Phys. Rev. B 93 245412 (2016)
  188. Luo J-W, Bester G, Zunger A Phys. Rev. B 79 125329 (2009)
  189. Semina M A, Sergeev R A, Suris R A Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn. 40 1373 (2006); Semina M A, Sergeev R A, Suris R A Semiconductors 40 1338 (2006)
  190. Semina M A, Sergeev R A, Suris R A Physica E 40 1357 (2008)
  191. Semina M A, Sergeev R A, Suris R A Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn. 43 1222 (2009); Semina M A, Sergeev R A, Suris R A Semiconductors 43 1182 (2009)
  192. Gevorkyan G S, Lozovik Yu E Fiz. Tverd. Tela 27 1800 (1985); Gevorkyan G S, Lozovik Yu E Sov. Phys. Solid State 27 1079 (1985)
  193. Que W Phys. Rev. B 45 11036 (1992)
  194. Dresselhaus G Phys. Rev. 100 580 (1955)
  195. Dyakonov M I (Ed., Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences) Vol. 157 2nd ed. (Berlin: Springer, 2017)
  196. Luttinger J M, Kohn W Phys. Rev. 97 869 (1955)
  197. Dresselhaus G, Kip A F, Kittel C Phys. Rev. 98 368 (1955)
  198. Koster G F et al Properties Of The Thirty-Two Point Groups (M.I.T. Press Research Monographs, No. 34) (Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press, 1963)
  199. Pikus G E, Marushchak V A, Titkov A N Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn. 22 185 (1988); Pikus G E, Marushchak V A, Titkov A N Sov. Phys. Semicond. 22 115 (1988)
  200. Luttinger J M Phys. Rev. 102 1030 (1956)
  201. Nedorezov S S Fiz. Tverd. Tela 12 2269 (1970); Nedorezov S S Sov. Phys. Solid State 12 1814 (1971)
  202. Broido D A, Sham L J Phys. Rev. B 31 888 (1985)
  203. Efros Al L et al Phys. Rev. B 54 4843 (1996)
  204. Gupalov S V, Ivchenko E L Fiz. Tverd. Tela 42 1976 (2000); Gupalov S V, Ivchenko E L Phys. Solid State 42 2030 (2000)
  205. Baldereschi A, Lipari N Phys. Rev. B 8 2697 (1973)
  206. Baldereschi A, Lipari N O Phys. Rev. B 9 1525 (1974)
  207. Gel’mont B L, D’yakonov M I Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn. 5 2191 (1971); Gel’mont B L, D’yakonov M I Sov. Phys. Semicond. 5 1905 (1972)
  208. Gel’mont B L, D’yakonov M I Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn. 7 2013 (1973); Gel’mont B L, D’yakonov M I Sov. Phys. Semicond. 7 1345 (1973)
  209. Kane E O Phys. Rev. B 11 3850 (1975)
  210. Kohn W, Schechter D Phys. Rev. 99 1903 (1955)
  211. Kogan Sh M, Polupanov A F Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 80 394 (1981); Kogan Sh M, Polupanov A F Sov. Phys. JETP 53 201 (1981)
  212. Averkiev N S, Rodina A V Fiz. Tverd. Tela 35 1051 (1993); Averkiev N S, Rodina A V Sov. Phys. Solid State 35 538 (1993)
  213. Merkulov I A, Rodina A V Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn. 28 321 (1994); Merkulov I A, Rodina A V Semiconductors 28 195 (1994)
  214. Miller R C et al Phys. Rev. B 25 3871 (1982)
  215. Zhao Q X et al Phys. Rev. B 63 195317 (2001)
  216. Davies J H The Physics Of Low-Dimensional Semiconductors: An Introduction (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998)
  217. Ivchenko E L, Pikus G E Superlattices And Other Heterostructures: Symmetry And Optical Phenomena (Berlin: Springer, 1997)
  218. Semina M A, Suris R A Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn. 45 947 (2011); Semina M A, Suris R A Semiconductors 45 917 (2011)
  219. Aleiner I L, Ivchenko E L Pis’ma ZhETF 55 662 (1992); Aleiner I L, Ivchenko E L JETP Lett. 55 692 (1992)
  220. Ivchenko E L, Kaminski A Yu, Rössler U Phys. Rev. B 54 5852 (1996)
  221. Hawrylak P Phys. Rev. B 44 3821 (1991)
  222. Yakovlev D R et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 3974 (1997)
  223. Koudinov A V et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 147402 (2014)
  224. Chang Y-C, Shiau S-Y, Combescot M Phys. Rev. B 98 235203 (2018)
  225. Spink G G et al Phys. Rev. B 94 041410 (2016)
  226. Schmidt R et al Rep. Prog. Phys. 81 024401 (2018)
  227. Anderson P W Phys. Rev. Lett. 18 1049 (1967)
  228. Sidler M et al Nat. Phys. 13 255 (2017)
  229. Efimkin D K, MacDonald A H Phys. Rev. B 95 035417 (2017)
  230. Glazov M M J. Chem. Phys. 153 034703 (2020)
© 1918–2024 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions