Issues

 / 

2018

 / 

March

  

Reviews of topical problems


Influence of atomic processes on charge states and fractions of fast heavy ions passing through gaseous, solid, and plasma targets

 a, b,  b
a Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutskii per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russian Federation
b Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 53, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

An overview of experimental data and theoretical methods is given for charge-changing processes of ion beams passing through gaseous, solid and plasma targets. The main attention is paid to electron capture and electron loss processes with heavy many-electron ions (like Arq+, Krq+, Pbq+, Wq+, Uq+) at relatively large and relativistic ion energies E = 50 keV/u—50 GeV/u including multi-electron processes which increase the total cross sections up to about 50% and more. A large volume of the paper is devoted to consideration of the stopping power—the main quantity characterizing kinetic energy losses of ions due to interaction with particles in matter. Electron capture of heavy ions on atoms at low energies E < 10 eV/u and arising isotopic effect are briefly discussed. Dynamics of the charge-state fractions and equilibrium mean charges of the ion beams, interacting with media particles, is considered on the basis of the balance rate equations, including creation of equilibrium charge-state fractions and mean charges, equilibrium target thickness and so on. A short description of the computer programs ETACHA, GLOBAL, CHARGE and BREIT for calculation of the charge-state fractions as a function of the target thickness is given as well as some applications of using the charge-state fractions, e.g., in detection of super-heavy elements and in solving problems in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. All physical processes and effects considered in the paper are explained in terms of atomic physics using radiative and collisional characteristics of heavy many-electron ions interacting with electrons, atoms, ions and molecules.

Fulltext pdf (1 MB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2017.02.038071
Keywords: ion--atom collisions, effective cross sections, charge-state fractions, balance rate equations, stopping power, electron capture, electron loss
PACS: 34.10.+x, 34.50.Fa, 34.70.+e (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2017.02.038071
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2018/3/b/
000435395400002
2-s2.0-85042859797
2018PhyU...61..247T
Citation: Tolstikhina I Yu, Shevelko V P "Influence of atomic processes on charge states and fractions of fast heavy ions passing through gaseous, solid, and plasma targets" Phys. Usp. 61 247–279 (2018)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Received: 10th, January 2017, revised: 14th, February 2017, 15th, February 2017

Оригинал: Толстихина И Ю, Шевелько В П «Влияние атомных процессов на зарядовые состояния и фракции быстрых тяжёлых ионов при прохождении через газовые, твердотельные и плазменные мишени» УФН 188 267–300 (2018); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2017.02.038071

References (308) ↓ Cited by (23) Similar articles (20)

  1. Betz H-D Rev. Mod. Phys. 44 465 (1972)
  2. Sellin I A (Ed.) Structure And Collisions Of Ions And Atoms (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1978)
  3. Ahlen S P Rev. Mod. Phys. 52 121 (1980)
  4. Betz H D Applied Atomic Collisions Physics Vol. 4 Condensed Matter (Ed. S Datz) (New York: Academic Press, 1983) p. 2
  5. Ziegler J F, Biersack J P, Littmark U The Stopping And Range Of Ions In Solids (The Stopping and Ranges of Ions of Matter) Vol. 1 (New York: Pergamon, 1985)
  6. Amaldi U, Kraft G Europhys. News 36 114 (2005)
  7. Schardt D, Elsässer Th, Schulz-Ertner D Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 383 (2010)
  8. Nikoghosyan A et al. Int. J. Radiat. Oncology Biol. Phys. 58 89 (2004)
  9. Schmidt B, Wetzig K Ion Beams In Materials Processing And Analysis (Wien: Springer, 2013)
  10. Sigmund P Particle Penetration And Radiation Effects (Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, Vol. 179) Vol. 2 (Berlin: Springer, 2014)
  11. Presnyakov L P Usp. Fiz. Nauk 119 49 (1976); Presnyakov L P Sov. Phys. Usp. 19 387 (1976)
  12. Vainshtein L A, Sobel’man I I, Yukov E A Vozbuzhdenie Atomov i Ushirenie Spektral’nykh Linii (M.: Nauka, 1979); Per. na angl. yaz., Sobelman I I, Vainshtein L A, Yukov E A Excitation Of Atoms And Broadening Of Spectral Lines (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1981)
  13. Presnyakov L P, Shevel’ko V P, Yanev R K Elementarnye Protsessy s Uchastiem Mnogozaryadnykh Ionov (M: Energoatomizdat, 1986)
  14. Vainshtein L A, Shevel’ko V P Struktura i Kharakteristiki Ionov v Goryachei Plazme (M.: Nauka, 1986)
  15. Janev R K et al. Elementary Processes In Hydrogen-Helium Plasmas: Cross Sections And Reaction Rate Coefficients (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987)
  16. Nikitin E E, Smirnov B M Atomno-molekulyarnye Protsessy: v Zadachakh s Resheniyami (M.: Nauka, 1988)
  17. Parilis E S Ozhe-protsessy pri Atomnykh Stolknoveniyakh (Otv. red. O B Firsov) (Tashkent: FAN, 1989)
  18. Fritsch W, Lin C D Phys. Rep. 202 1 (1991)
  19. Bransden B H, McDowell M R C Charge Exchange And The Theory Of Ion-Atom Collisions (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992)
  20. Janev R K (Ed.) Atomic And Molecular Processes In Fusion Edge Plasmas (New York: Plenum Press, 1995)
  21. Lebedev V S, Beigman I L Physics Of Highly Excited Atoms And Ions (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1998)
  22. Smirnov B M Usp. Fiz. Nauk 171 233 (2001); Smirnov B M Phys. Usp. 44 221 (2001)
  23. Stolterfoht N, DuBois R D, Rivarola R D Electron Emission In Heavy Ion-Atom Collisions (Berlin: Springer, 1997)
  24. Beyer H, Shevelko V P Introduction To The Physics Of Highly Charged Ions (Bristol: IOP Publ., 2003)
  25. Shevelko V P, Tawara H (Eds) Atomic Processes In Basic And Applied Physics (Berlin: Springer, 2012)
  26. Tolstikhina I Yu, Shevel’ko V P Usp. Fiz. Nauk 183 225 (2013); Tolstikhina I Yu, Shevelko V P Phys. Usp. 56 213 (2013)
  27. Sharkov B Yu Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 577 14 (2007)
  28. Logan B G, Perkins L J, Barnard J J Phys. Plasmas 15 072701 (2008)
  29. Geissel H et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 195 3 (2002)
  30. Geissel H, Münzenberg G, Riisager K Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 45 163 (1995)
  31. Fortov V E, Khoffmann D, Sharkov B Yu Usp. Fiz. Nauk 178 113 (2008); Fortov V E, Hoffmann D H H, Sharkov B Yu Phys. Usp. 51 109 (2008)
  32. Dennerl K Space Sci. Rev. 157 57 (2010)
  33. Trautmann C Ion Beams In Nanoscience And Technology (Eds R Hellborg, H J Whitlow, Y Zhang) (Berlin: Springer, 2009) p. 369
  34. International Atomic Energy Agency. Atomic Molecular Data Services, https://www-amdis.iaea.org/
  35. FAIR Baseline Technical Report (2006), www.fair-center.eu/fileadmin/fair/publications_FAIR/FAIR_BTR_1.pdf; GSI.FAIR, https://www.gsi.de/forschungbeschleuniger/fair.htm
  36. Wien W, Sitzungsber K Sitzungsber. K. Preuß. Akad. Wiss. 773 (1911)
  37. Folger H (Ed.) "Heavy ion targets and related phenomena" Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 282 (1989), Special issue
  38. Adams D P et al. Report SAND2015-8325 (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, 2015)
  39. Lebedev S G, Lebedev A S Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 11 020401 (2008)
  40. Tahir N A et al. Phys. Rev. E 90 063112 (2014)
  41. Tahir N A et al. J. Phys. A 39 4755 (2006)
  42. Kojima M et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 464 262 (2001)
  43. Gardès D et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 415 698 (1998)
  44. Mintsev V et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 415 715 (1998)
  45. Ogawa M et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 464 72 (2001)
  46. Chabot M et al. Phys. Rev. E 51 3504 (1995)
  47. Rouille G et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 464 428 (2001)
  48. Fleurier C et al. J. Phys. Colloques 49 C7-141 (1988)
  49. Dietrich K-G et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 3623 (1992)
  50. Peter Th, Meyer-ter-Vehn J Phys. Rev. A 43 1998 (1991); Peter Th, Meyer-ter-Vehn J Phys. Rev. A 43 2015 (1991)
  51. Ohsawa D et al. Phys. Rev. A 72 062710 (2005)
  52. Alton G D, Sparrow R A, Olson R E Phys. Rev. A 45 5957 (1992)
  53. Obolensky O I et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 266 1623 (2008)
  54. Scheidenberger Ch "Untersuchung der Abbremsung relativistischer Schwerionen in Materie im Energiebereich 100-1000 MeV/u" PhD Thesis (Giessen: Giessen Physikalische Institut, 1994)
  55. Northcliffe L C, Schilling R F Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tabl. 7 233 (1970)
  56. Ziegler J F, Biersack J B "Computer programme SRIM-2000/01" http://www.srim.org
  57. Vollmer O Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 121 373 (1974)
  58. Närmann A, Sigmund P Phys. Rev. A 49 4709 (1994)
  59. Landau L J. Phys. USSR 8 201 (1944)
  60. Vavilov P V Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 32 920 (1957); Vavilov P V Sov. Phys. JETP 5 749 (1957)
  61. Scheidenberger C, Geissel H Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 135 25 (1998)
  62. Andersen H H, Sigmund P (Eds) Proc. of the Intern. Workshop on the Slowing Down of Ions STOPOI (Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B, Vol. 69 , Iss. 1) (Amsterdam: North-Holand, 1992)
  63. Bethe H A Phys. Rev. 89 1256 (1953)
  64. Highland V L Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 129 497 (1975)
  65. Lynch G R, Dahl O I Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 58 6 (1991)
  66. Eidelman S et al. (Particle Data Group) Phys. Lett. B 592 1 (2004)
  67. Lindhard J, Sørensen A H Phys. Rev. A 53 2443 (1996)
  68. Geissel H, Scheidenberger C Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 136 - 138 114 (1998)
  69. Geissel H Report GSI-82-12-A (Darmstadt: GSI, 1982); Geissel H https://cds.cern.ch/record/140718
  70. Datz S Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 164-165 1 (2000)
  71. Stopping Power of Matter for Ions. Heavier Ions, https://www-nds.iaea.org/stopping/stopping_heav.html
  72. Scheidenberger C et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 142 441 (1998)
  73. Bethe H A, Salpeter E E Quantum Mechanics Of One- And Two-Electron Atoms (Berlin: Springer, 1957)
  74. Landau L D, Lifshits E M Kvantovaya Mekhanika. Nerelyativistskaya Teoriya (M.: Fizmatgiz, 1963); Per. na angl. yaz., Landau L D, Lifshitz E M Quantum Mechanics. Non-Relativistic Theory (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1965)
  75. "Stopping powers and ranges for protons and alpha particles" ICRU Report No. 49 (Bethesda, MD: International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, 1993)
  76. Bloch F Ann. Physik 5 285 (1933)
  77. Barkas W H, Dyer N J, Heckman H H Phys. Rev. Lett. 11 26 (1963)
  78. Fermi E Phys. Rev. 57 485 (1940)
  79. Scheidenberger C et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 50 (1994)
  80. Weick H et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 164-165 168 (2000)
  81. Bimbot R et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 174 231 (1980)
  82. Hibbert F, Bimbot R, Gauvin H Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 36 357 (1989)
  83. Anthony J M, Lanford W A Phys. Rev. A 25 1868 (1982)
  84. Pierce T E, Blann M Phys. Rev. 173 390 (1968)
  85. Hubert F, Bimbot R, Gauvin H Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tabl. 46 1 (1990)
  86. Brandt W, Kitagawa M Phys. Rev. B 25 5631 (1982)
  87. Rachno I L, Mokhov N V, Striganov S I Fermilab-Conf-05-019-AD (Batavia, IL: Fermilab, 2005)
  88. Hoffmann D H H et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 90 1 (1994)
  89. Barriga-Carrasco M D Phys. Rev. E 88 043107 (2013)
  90. Janni J F Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tabl. 27 147 (1982)
  91. Ziegler J F Handbook Of Stopping Cross-sections For Energetic Ions In All Elements (The Stopping and Ranges of Ions in Matter) Vol. 5 (New York: Pergamon Press, 1980); Littmark U, Ziegler J F Handbook Of Range, Distributions For Energetic Ions In All Elements (The Stopping and Ranges of Ions in Matter) Vol. 6 (New York: Pergamon Press, 1980)
  92. Bimbot R Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 69 1 (1992)
  93. Stopping-Power and Range Tables for Electrons, Protons, and Helium Ions, https://www.nist.gov/pml/data/star/index.cfm/
  94. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Inc. (ICRU), https://www.icru.org/
  95. Paul H, Schinner A Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 209 252 (2003)
  96. Paul H "Stopping power of matter for ions graphs. Data, comments and programs" https://www-nds.iaea.org/stopping/
  97. Paul H, Schinner A Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 195 166 (2002)
  98. Bragg W H, Kleeman R Philos. Mag. A 8 726 (1904)
  99. Tsujii H et al. (Eds) Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy (Tokyo: Springer, 2014)
  100. Bohr N Philos. Mag. 30 581 (1915)
  101. Nardi E, Zinamon Z Phys. Rev. Lett. 49 1251 (1982)
  102. Cowern N E B J. Phys. Colloques 44 C8-107 (1983)
  103. Basko M M Fizika Plazmy 10 1195 (1984); Basko M M Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 10 689 (1984)
  104. Meyer-ter-Vehn J et al. Phys. Plasmas 2 1313 (1990)
  105. Zwicknagel G, Toepffer C, Reinhard P-G Phys. Rep. 309 117 (1999); Zwicknagel G, Toepffer C, Reinhard P-G Phys. Rep. 314 671 (1999)
  106. Shibata K et al. J. Appl. Phys. 91 4833 (2002)
  107. Hasegawa J et al. Laser Part. Beams 21 7 (2003)
  108. Hoffmann D H H et al. Z. Phys. A 30 339 (1988)
  109. Hoffmann D H H et al. Phys. Rev. A 42 2313 (1990)
  110. Jacoby J et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 1550 (1995)
  111. Engelbrecht M et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 415 621 (1998)
  112. Gardes D et al. Phys. Rev. A 46 5101 (1992)
  113. Rosmej F B et al. Phys. Rev. E 66 056402 (2002)
  114. Frank A et al. Phys. Rev. E 81 026401 (2010)
  115. Frank A et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 115001 (2013)
  116. Ortner A et al. Phys. Rev. E 91 023104 (2015)
  117. Lassen N O Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selskab. Math.-Fys. Medd. 26 (5) (1951)
  118. Lassen N O Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selskab. Math.-Fys. Medd. 26 (12) (1951)
  119. Geissel H et al. Phys. Lett. A 99 77 (1983)
  120. Bohr N, Lindhard J Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selskab. Math.-Fys. Medd. 28 (7) (1954)
  121. Betz H D, Grodzins L Phys. Rev. Lett. 25 211 (1970)
  122. Miyoshi T et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 258 329 (2007)
  123. Fettouhi A et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 245 32 (2006)
  124. Ogawa H et al. Phys. Rev. A 75 020703(R) (2007)
  125. Geissel H et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 194 21 (1982)
  126. Shevelko V P et al. J. Phys. B 38 2675 (2005)
  127. Allison S K Rev. Mod. Phys. 30 1137 (1958)
  128. Datz S et al. Phys. Rev. A 2 430 (1970)
  129. Imai M et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 267 2675 (2009)
  130. Oganessian Yu Ts et al. Phys. Rev. C 64 064309 (2001)
  131. Oganessian Yu Ts, Utyonkov V K Rep. Prog. Phys. 78 036301 (2015)
  132. Khuyagbaatar J et al. Phys. Rev. A 88 042703 (2013)
  133. Shevelko V P, Winckler N, Litsarev M S Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 330 82 (2014)
  134. Bohr N Phys. Rev. 58 654 (1940)
  135. Bohr N Phys. Rev. 59 270 (1941)
  136. Lamb W E et al. (Jr.) Phys. Rev. 58 696 (1940)
  137. Betz H-D et al. Phys. Lett. 22 643 (1966)
  138. Nikolaev V S, Dmitriev I S Phys. Lett. A 28 277 (1968)
  139. Shima K, Kuno N, Yamanouchi M Phys. Rev. A 40 3557 (1989)
  140. Schiwietz G, Grande P L Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 175-177 125 (2001)
  141. To K X, Drouin R Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 160 461 (1979)
  142. Miyoshi T "Penetration of fast positive ions through carbon foils: analysis of density effects" PhD (Chiba, Japan: NIRS, 2009)
  143. Eichler J, Stöhlker Th Phys. Rep. 439 1 (2007)
  144. Loand H H, Tite W L Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tabl. 1 305 (1969)
  145. Dehmel R C, Chan H K, Fleischmann H H Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tabl. 5 231 (1973)
  146. Erb W Report GSI-P-78 (Darmstadt: GSI, 1978)
  147. Franzke B IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 28 2116 (1981)
  148. Stohlker T et al. J. Phys. B 25 4527 (1992)
  149. Ma X et al. Phys. Rev. A 64 012704 (2001)
  150. Weber G et al. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12 084201 (2009)
  151. Weber G et al. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 18 034403 (2015)
  152. Olson R E et al. J. Phys. B 35 1893 (2002)
  153. Olson R E et al. J. Phys. B 37 4539 (2004)
  154. Perumal A N et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys, Res. B 227 251 (2005)
  155. Mueller D et al. Phys. Plasmas 8 1753 (2001)
  156. Alonso J, Gould H Phys. Rev. A 26 1134(R) (1982)
  157. Kuboki H et al. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 13 093501 (2010)
  158. Okuno H et al. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 14 033503 (2011)
  159. Imao H et al. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 15 123501 (2012)
  160. DuBois R D et al. Phys. Rev. A 68 042701 (2003)
  161. Santos A C F, DuBois R D Phys. Rev. A 69 042709 (2004)
  162. Voitkiv A, Ullrich J Relativistic Collisions Of Structured Atomic Particles (Berlin: Springer, 2008)
  163. Tolstikhina I Yu, Shevelko V P Pis’ma ZhETF 94 157 (2011); Tolstikhina I Yu, Shevelko V P JETP Lett. 94 152 (2011)
  164. Shevelko V P et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 278 63 (2012)
  165. Presnyakov L P, Ulantsev A D Kvantovaya Elektronika 1 3277 (1974); Presnyakov L P, Ulantsev A D Sov. J. Quantum Electron. 4 1320 (1975)
  166. Chibisov M I Pis’ma ZhETF 24 56 (1976); Chibisov M I JETP Lett. 24 46 (1976)
  167. Thwaites D I Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 12 84 (1985)
  168. Olson R E, Ullrich J, Schmidt-Böcking H Phys. Rev. A 39 5572 (1989)
  169. Belkić D, Mančev I, Hanssen J Rev. Mod. Phys. 80 249 (2008)
  170. Perez J A, Olson R E, Beiersdorfer P J. Phys. B 34 3063 (2001)
  171. Blank I et al. Phys. Rev. A 85 022712 (2012)
  172. Shevelko V P et al. J. Phys. B 37 201 (2004)
  173. Schlachter A S et al. Phys. Rev. A
  174. Olson R E et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 544 333 (2005)
  175. Crandall D H et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 36 858 (1976)
  176. Klinger H, Muller A, Salzborn E J. Phys. B 8 230 (1975)
  177. Müller A, Salzborn E Phys. Lett. A 62 391 (1977)
  178. Crandall D H, Phaneuf R A, Meyer F W Phys. Rev. A 22 379 (1980)
  179. Tawara H et al. J. Phys. B 18 337 (1985)
  180. Müller A et al. Phys. Rev. A 33 3010 (1986)
  181. Selberg N, Biedermann C, Cederquist H Phys. Rev. A 54 4127 (1996)
  182. Selberg N, Biedermann C, Cederquist H Phys. Rev. A 56 4623 (1997)
  183. Kimura M et al. J. Phys. B 643 (1995)
  184. Nakamura N et al. J. Phys. B 28 2959 (1995)
  185. Cocke C L, Olson R E Phys. Rep. 205 153 (1991)
  186. Knudsen K, Haugen H K, Hvelplund P Phys. Rev. A 24 2287(R) (1981)
  187. Nakai Y et al. Phys. Scripta 1989 77 (1989)
  188. Stolterfoht N et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 103201 (2007)
  189. Deumens E et al. Rev. Mod. Phys. 66 917 (1994)
  190. Stolterfoht N et al. Phys. Rev. A 81 052704 (2010)
  191. Cabrera-Trujillo R et al. Phys. Rev. A 83 012715 (2011)
  192. Barragán P et al. Phys. Rev. A 82 030701(R) (2010)
  193. Tolstikhina I Yu, Kato D, Shevelko V P Phys. Rev. A 84 012706 (2011)
  194. Loreau J et al. Phys. Rev. A 84 052720 (2011)
  195. Tolstikhina I Yu et al. J. Phys. B 45 145201 (2012)
  196. Tolstikhina I Yu et al. J. Phys. B 47 035206 (2014)
  197. Zhao S et al. Phys. Lett. A 379 319 (2015)
  198. Solov’ev E A Usp. Fiz. Nauk 157 437 (1989); Solov’ev E A Sov. Phys. Usp. 32 228 (1989)
  199. Solov’ev E A J. Phys. B 38 R153 (2005)
  200. Tolstikhina I Yu, Tolstikhin O I Phys. Rev. A 92 042707 (2015)
  201. Komarov I V, Ponomarev L I, Slavyanov S Yu Sferoidal’nye i Kulonovskie Sferoidal’nye Funktsii (M.: Nauka, 1976)
  202. Solov’ev E A ITAMP Workshop On Hidden Crossings In Ion-Atom Collisions And In Other Nonadiabatic Transitions (Cambridge: Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 1991)
  203. Liu C-N et al. Phys. Rev. A 67 052705 (2003)
  204. Andrei<$>acute {text c}<$> <$>check {text Z}<$>, Kunze H-J, Tolstikhina I Opt. Lett. 40 2600 (2015)
  205. Kunze H J, Ellwi S S, Andreić Ž Czech. J. Phys. 56 B280 (2006)
  206. Kunze H-J, Ellwi S S, Andreić Ž Phys. Lett. A 334 37 (2005)
  207. Matthews D L et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 54 110 (1985)
  208. Suckewer S et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 55 1753 (1985)
  209. Zhang J (Ed.) X-Ray Lasers 2004, Proc. of the 9th Intern. Conf. on X-Ray Lasers, Beijing, China, 24 - 28 May 2004 (Institute of Physics Conf. Ser., No. 186) (Bristol: CRC Press, 2005)
  210. Daido H Rep. Prog. Phys. 65 1513 (2002)
  211. Elton R C X-Ray Lasers (Boston: Academic Press, 1990)
  212. Shin H-J, Kim D-E, Lee T-N Phys. Rev. E 50 1376 (1994)
  213. Aschke L et al. J. Phys. IV 11 2-547 (2001)
  214. Watson R L et al. Phys. Rev. A 67 022706 (2003)
  215. Meyerhof W E et al. Phys. Rev. A 32 3291 (1985)
  216. Anholt R et al. Phys. Rev. A 32 3302 (1985)
  217. Anholt R, Meyerhof W E Phys. Rev. A 33 1556 (1986)
  218. Anholt R et al. Phys. Rev. A 33 2270 (1986)
  219. Anholt R, Becker U Phys. Rev. A 36 4628 (1987)
  220. Stöhlker Th et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 61 408 (1991)
  221. Scheidenberger C et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 90 36 (1994)
  222. Stöhlker Th et al. Phys. Rev. A 51 2098 (1995)
  223. Stöhlker Th et al. Phys. Rev. A 57 845 (1998)
  224. Matveev V I, Sidorov D B Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 77 (7) 18 (2007); Matveev V I, Sidorov D B Tech. Phys. 52 839 (2007)
  225. Tolstikhina I Yu et al. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 146 5 (2014); Tolstikhina I Yu et al. JETP 119 1 (2014)
  226. Song M-Y et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 267 2369 (2009)
  227. Shevelko V P et al. J. Phys. B 43 215202 (2010)
  228. Shevelko V P et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 269 1455 (2011)
  229. Omet C et al. New J. Phys. 8 284 (2006)
  230. Tolstikhina I Yu, Shevelko V P Phys. Scripta 90 074033 (2015)
  231. McGuire J H, Weaver L Phys. Rev. A 16 41 (1977)
  232. Cocke C L Phys. Rev. A 20 749 (1979)
  233. Horbatsch M Z. Phys. D 21 S63 (1991)
  234. Horbatsch M J. Phys. B 25 3797 (1992)
  235. Berg H et al. J. Phys. B 21 3929 (1988)
  236. Berg H PhD Thesis (Darmstadt: GSI, 1993); Berg H Report GSI-93-12 (Darmstadt: GSI, 1993)
  237. Vane C R et al. Phys. Scripta 1997 167 (1997)
  238. Fritzsche S, Surzhykov A, Stöhlker Th Phys. Rev. A 72 012704 (2005)
  239. Raisbeck G, Yiou F Phys. Rev. A 4 1858 (1971)
  240. Schnopper H W et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 29 898 (1972)
  241. Kienle P et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 31 1099 (1973)
  242. Eichler J, Chan F T Phys. Rev. A 20 104 (1979)
  243. Eichler J K M Phys. Rev. A 23 498 (1981)
  244. Eichler J Phys. Rev. A 32 112 (1985)
  245. Ichihara A, Shirai T, Eichker J Phys. Rev. A 49 1875 (1994)
  246. Eichler J, Meyerhof W E Relativistic Atomic Collisions (San Diego: Academic Press, 1995)
  247. Stobbe M Ann. Physik 7 661 (1930)
  248. Kim Y S, Pratt R H Phys. Rev. A 27 2913 (1983)
  249. Ichihara A, Shirai T, Eichler J Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tabl. 55 63 (1993)
  250. Ishihara A, Eichler J Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tabl. 74 1 (2000)
  251. Stöhlker Th et al. Phys. Rev. A 58 2043 (1998)
  252. Ogawa H et al. Phys. Rev. A 75 020703(R) (2007)
  253. Ryding G, Betz H D, Wittkower A V Phys. Rev. Lett. 24 123 (1970)
  254. Miyoshi T et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 251 79 (2006)
  255. Hickok R L Rev. Sci. Instrum. 38 142 (1967)
  256. Kramers H A Philos. Mag. 46 836 (1923)
  257. Pajek M, Schuch R Phys. Lett. A 166 235 (1992)
  258. Omidvar K, McAllister A M Phys. Rev. A 51 1063 (1995)
  259. Müller A, Schippers S The Physics Of Multiply And Highly Charged Ions Vol. 1 (Ed. F J Currell) (Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. Publ., 2003) p. 269
  260. Schippers S et al. Phys. Rev. A 83 012711 (2011)
  261. Müller A Atoms 3 120 (2015)
  262. Gabriel A H Highlights Of Astronomy. As Presented At The XIVth General Assembly Of The I.A.U. 1970 (Ed. C De Jager) (Dordrecht: Reidel, 1971) p. 486
  263. Müller A Adv. Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys. 55 293 (2008)
  264. Schippers S et al. Phys. Rev. A 62 022708 (2000)
  265. Flambaum V V et al. Phys. Rev. A 66 012713 (2002)
  266. Gribakin G F, Sahoo S J. Phys. B 36 3349 (2003)
  267. Dzuba V A et al. Phys. Rev. A 86 022714 (2012)
  268. Dzuba V A et al. Phys. Rev. A 88 062713 (2013)
  269. Lotz W J. Opt. Soc. Am. 6 206 (1970)
  270. Fisher V et al. J. Phys. B 28 3027 (1995)
  271. Shevelko V P, Tawara H J. Phys. B 28 L589 (1995)
  272. Bélenger C et al. J. Phys. B 30 2667 (1997)
  273. Shevelko V P et al. J. Phys. B 38 525 (2005)
  274. Shevelko V P et al. J. Phys. B 39 1499 (2006)
  275. Gurevich A V, Pitaevskii L P Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 46 1281 (1964); Gurevich A V, Pitaevskii L P Sov. Phys. JETP 19 870 (1964)
  276. House L L Astrophys. J. Suppl. 8 307 (1964)
  277. Rozet J P, Stéphan C, Vernhet D Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 107 67 (1996)
  278. Sato Y et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 225 439 (2004)
  279. Lamour E et al. Phys. Rev. A 92 042703 (2015)
  280. LISE++. Version 6.3, http://lise.nscl.msu.edu/6_3/lise++_6_3.pdf
  281. Winckler N et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 392 67 (2017)
  282. Shevelko V P, Winckler N, Tolstikhina I Yu Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 377 77 (2016)
  283. BREIT. Balance rate equations for ion transportation, http://breit.gsi.de
  284. Liu W et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 496 198 (2003)
  285. Baig M A J. Phys. B 16 1511 (1983)
  286. Wood D R, Andrew K L J. Opt. Soc. Am. 58 818 (1968)
  287. Arnold E et al. J. Phys. B 23 3511 (1990)
  288. Armstrong J A, Wynne J J, Tomkins F S J. Phys. B 13 L133 (1980)
  289. Roßnagel J et al. Phys. Rev. A 85 012525 (2012)
  290. Coste A et al. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 72 103 (1982)
  291. Borschevsky A et al. Phys. Rev. A 75 042514 (2007)
  292. Eliav E, Kaldor U, Ishikawa Y Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 1079 (1995)
  293. Landau A et al. J. Chem. Phys. 114 2977 (2001)
  294. Eliav E, Kaldor U, Ishikawa Y Mol. Phys. 94 181 (1998)
  295. Chang Z, Li J, Dong C J. Phys. Chem. A 114 13388 (2010)
  296. Eliav E et al. Chem. Phys. 311 163 (2005)
  297. Borschevsky A et al. Phys. Rev. A 87 022502 (2013)
  298. Periodic table, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table
  299. Oganessian Yu Ts Pure Appl. Chem. 76 1715 (2004)
  300. Düt;llmann C E et al. (Eds) Nucl. Phys. A 94 4 (2015), Special Issue on Superheavy Elements
  301. Morita K et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 70 220 (1992)
  302. Leino M Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 126 320 (1997)
  303. Gregorich K E et al. Phys. Rev. C 72 014605 (2005)
  304. Khuyagbaatar J et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 689 40 (2012)
  305. Khuyagbaatar J et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 172501 (2014)
  306. Weaver T A, Woosley S E Phys. Rep. 227 65 (1993)
  307. Fujita K et al. AIP Conf. Proc. 1269 289 (2010)
  308. Liu S et al. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 328 14 (2014)

© 1918–2024 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions