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Van der Waals, Casimir, and Lifshitz forces in soft matterL.D. Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation E.M. Lifshitz' theory of fluctuation molecular forces (Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., Vol. 29, p. 94, 1955 [Sov. Phys. JETP, Vol. 2, 73, 1956]) and related problems are introduced from a historical perspective. Applications of the theory to soft matter physics are discussed together with some new predictions (for example, stability of smectic or cholesteric liquid crystal films).
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