Analytical mechanics and field theory: derivation of equations from energy conservation

N.A. Vinokurov^a, b
^aBudker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prosp. akad. Lavrenteva 11, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
^bKorea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-Daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-353, Republic of Korea

Equations of motion in mechanics and field equations in field theory are conventionally derived using the least action principle. This paper presents a nonvariational derivation of Hamilton’s and Lagrange’s equations. The derivation starts by specifying the system energy as a function of generalized coordinates and velocities and then introduces generalized momenta in such a way that the energy remains unchanged whatever degree of freedom is varied. This immediately leads to Hamilton’s equations with as yet undefined Hamiltonian. The explicit dependence of generalized momenta on the coordinates and velocities is determined by first finding the Lagrangian from the known energy function. The paper uses electrodynamics as an illustrative example. The proposed approach provides new insight into the nature of canonical momenta and offers a way to find the Lagrangian from the known energy of the system.

PACS: 03.50.De, 45.20.Jj (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0184.201406c.0641
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2014/6/c/
Web of Science

000341906900003
Scopus

2-s2.0-84907013470
ADS NASA

2014PhyU...57..593V
Citation: Vinokurov N A "Analytical mechanics and field theory: derivation of equations from energy conservation" Phys. Usp. 57 593–596 (2014)

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Received: 5th, August 2013, revised: 29th, October 2013, accepted: 29th, October 2013

Оригинал: Винокуров Н А «Вывод уравнений аналитической механики и теории поля из закона сохранения энергии» УФН 184 641–644 (2014); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0184.201406c.0641

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