In connection with the wide use of optoelectronic systems, we review the development of adaptive optics as an effective tool for the elimination, through the use of controllable optical elements, of irregular distortions that occur as light propagates in an inhomogeneous medium. The subject matter of this fast developing field of science and technology is described. Of the ideas under development in recent years, many have been around for quite a long time, but it is only now, with the development of up-to-date optoelectronic element base, that they have started being widely incorporated into science and engineering practice. An analysis is carried out of the development of adaptive optics from just ideas to their application in astronomy, high-power laser physics, and medicine. The current state of adaptive optics in stellar and solar astronomy is reviewed, and some results of its use in distortion correction systems of high-power laser systems and complexes are presented.

PACS: 42.65.Hw, 42.68.−w, 42.68.Ay (all) DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0184.201406b.0599 URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2014/6/b/ 000341906900002 2014PhyU...57..556L Citation: Lukin V P "Adaptive optics in the formation of optical beams and images" Phys. Usp. 57 556–592 (2014) BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks Received: 19th, April 2013, revised: 17th, December 2013, accepted: 26th, December 2013 Оригинал: Лукин В П «Формирование оптических пучков и изображений на основе применения систем адаптивной оптики» УФН 184 599–640 (2014); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0184.201406b.0599