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Reviews of topical problems


Electrical cycle in the Earth’s atmosphere


Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Izhorskaya 13/19, Moscow, 127412, Russian Federation

A qualitative physical picture of atmospheric electricity as a secondary phenomenon of atmospheric water circulation is presented using the key electric atmospheric processes, their average observed parameters and a detailed analysis of separate processes as the basis. The electric processes begin with the charging of aerosols at kilometer altitudes due to aerosols of different aggregate states colliding with one another. Atmospheric electric currents arise from the fall speed difference (in cumulus clouds) between mass-different positively and negatively charged aerosols, resulting in aerosols with a negative charge of, an average, (25—30)e at the lower edge of a cloud. This creates an electric field between earth and the cloud, and the subsequent penetration of streams of warm wet air into the cloud causes the atmosphere to electrically breakdown thus producing lightning strokes. At the same time, these processes cause aerosols to grow and to fall down as rain onto earth. Processes in atmospheric air, including those involving aerosols, electrons and ions, provide a unified physical picture of electric phenomena in the terrestrial atmosphere.

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Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0184.201411a.1153
PACS: 92.60.Bh, 92.60.Mt, 92.60.Pw (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0184.201411a.1153
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2014/11/a/
000349435700001
2-s2.0-84922723906
2014PhyU...57.1041S
Citation: Smirnov B M "Electrical cycle in the Earth's atmosphere" Phys. Usp. 57 1041–1062 (2014)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Received: 20th, January 2014, revised: 28th, June 2014, 15th, July 2014

Оригинал: Смирнов Б М «Электрический цикл в земной атмосфере» УФН 184 1153–1176 (2014); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0184.201411a.1153

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