Issues

 / 

2012

 / 

January

  

Physics of our days


Unsolved problems in particle physics


Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, prosp. 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow, 117312, Russian Federation

Among the problems yet to be solved by particle theory, we consider those that are most important in our opinion, some of which require physics beyond the Standard Model (neutrino oscillations, probably inconsistent with the usual three-generation scheme; astrophysical evidence for new physics; electroweak symmetry breaking, and the hierarchy of parameters) and some of which do not (description of strong interactions at low and intermediate energies).

Fulltext pdf (983 KB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0182.201201d.0077
PACS: 11.90.+t, 12.10.−g, 12.38.−t, 12.60.−i (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0182.201201d.0077
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2012/1/e/
000303763300004
2012PhyU...55...72T
Citation: Troitsky S V "Unsolved problems in particle physics" Phys. Usp. 55 72–95 (2012)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Received: 18th, October 2011, revised: 24th, November 2011, 16th, November 2011

Оригинал: Троицкий С В «Нерешённые проблемы физики элементарных частиц» УФН 182 77–103 (2012); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0182.201201d.0077

References (165) ↓ Cited by (22) Similar articles (20)

  1. Krasnikov N V, Matveev V A Novaya Fizika na Bol’shom Adronnom Kollaidere (M.: Krasand, 2011)
  2. Krasnikov N V, Matveev V A Usp. Fiz. Nauk 174 697 (2004); Krasnikov N V, Matveev V A Phys. Usp. 47 643 (2004)
  3. Burgess C P, Moore G D The Standard Model: A Primer (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007)
  4. Cheng T-P, Li L-F Gauge Theory Of Elementary Particle Physics (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984)
  5. Gorbunov D S, Rubakov V A Vvedenie v Teoriyu Rannei Vselennoi: Teoriya Goryachego Bol’shogo Vzryva (M.: LKI, 2008); Gorbunov D S, Rubakov V A Introduction To The Theory Of The Early Universe: Hot Big Bang Theory (Singapore: World Scientific, 2011)
  6. Kobayasi M Usp. Fiz. Nauk 179 1312 (2009); Kobayashi M Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 1019 (2009)
  7. Nakamura K et al. (Particle Data Group) J. Phys. G Nucl. Part. Phys. 37 075021 (2010)
  8. Giunti C, Kim C W Fundamentals Of Neutrino Physics And Astrophysics (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2007)
  9. Bilen’kii S M Usp. Fiz. Nauk 173 1171 (2003); Bilen’kii S M Phys. Usp. 46 1137 (2003)
  10. Akhmedov E Kh Usp. Fiz. Nauk 174 121 (2004); Akhmedov E Kh Phys. Usp. 47 117 (2004)
  11. Kudenko Yu G Usp. Fiz. Nauk 181 569 (2011); Kudenko Yu G Phys. Usp. 54 549 (2011)
  12. Evans J J arXiv:1107.3846
  13. Pontekorvo B M Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 33 549 (1957); Pontecorvo B M Sov. Phys. JETP 6 429 (1957)
  14. Pontekorvo B M Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 34 247 (1957); Pontecorvo B M Sov. Phys. JETP 7 172 (1958)
  15. Maki Z, Nakagawa M, Sakata S Prog. Theor. Phys. 28 870 (1962)
  16. Pontekorvo B M Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 53 1717 (1967); Pontecorvo B M Sov. Phys. JETP 26 984 (1967)
  17. Gribov V, Pontecorvo B Phys. Lett. B 28 493 (1969)
  18. Bilen’kii S M, Pontekorvo B M Yad. Fiz. 24 603 (1976); Bilenky S M, Pontecorvo B Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 24 316 (1976)
  19. Bilenky S M, Pontecorvo B Lett. Nuovo Cimento 17 569 (1976)
  20. Eliezer S, Swift A R Nucl. Phys. B 105 45 (1976)
  21. Fritsch H, Minkowski P Phys. Lett. B 62 72 (1976)
  22. Mikheev S P, Smirnov A Yu Yad. Fiz. 42 1441 (1985); Mikheev S P, Smirnov A Yu Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 42 913 (1985)
  23. Mikheev S P, Smirnov A Yu Nuovo Cimento C 9 17 (1986)
  24. Wolfenstein L Phys. Rev. D 17 2369 (1978)
  25. Davis R (Jr.), Harmer D S, Hoffman K C Phys. Rev. Lett. 20 1205 (1968)
  26. Hirata K S et al. (Kamiokande-II Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 63 16 (1989)
  27. Abazov A I et al. (SAGE Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 3332 (1991)
  28. Hampel W et al. (GALLEX Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 447 127 (1999)
  29. Ashie Y et al. (Super-Kamiokande Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 101801 (2004)
  30. Hirata K S et al. (Kamiokande-II Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 205 416 (1988)
  31. Casper D et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 2561 (1991)
  32. Allison W W M et al. Phys. Lett. B 391 491 (1997)
  33. Ambrosio M et al. (MACRO Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 434 451 (1998)
  34. Fukuda Y et al. (Super-Kamiokande Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 2644 (1999)
  35. Ahmad Q R et al. (SNO Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 011301 (2002)
  36. Abe S et al. (KamLAND Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 221803 (2008)
  37. Aharmim B et al. (SNO Collab.) arXiv:1109.0763
  38. Bellini G et al. (Borexino Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 141302 (2011); Bellini G et al. (Borexino Collab.) arXiv:1104.1816
  39. Ashie Y et al. (Super-Kamiokande Collab.) Phys. Rev. D 71 112005 (2005)
  40. Takeuchi Y et al. (Super-Kamiokande Collab.) talk at Neutrino-2010: XXIV Intern. Conf. on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Athens, Greece, 14 - 19 June 2010
  41. Ahn M H et al. (K2K Collab.) Phys. Rev. D 74 072003 (2006)
  42. Michael D G et al. (MINOS Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 191801 (2006)
  43. Adamson P et al. (The MINOS Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 181801 (2011)
  44. Agafonova N et al. (OPERA Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 691 138 (2010)
  45. Fogli G L et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 141801 (2008)
  46. Abe K et al. (T2K Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 041801 (2011)
  47. Adamson P et al. (MINOS Collab.) arXiv:1108.0015
  48. Fogli G L et al. Phys. Rev. D 84 053007 (2011); Fogli G L et al. arXiv:1106.6028
  49. Aguilar A et al. (LSND Collab.) Phys. Rev. D 64 112007 (2001)
  50. Church E D et al. Phys. Rev. D 66 013001 (2002)
  51. Aguilar-Arevalo A A et al. (MiniBooNE Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 181801 (2010)
  52. Djurcic Z, talk at 13th Intern. Workshop on Neutrino Factories, Super Beams and Beta Beams, Geneva, 1 - 6 August 2011
  53. Mention G et al. Phys. Rev. D 83 073006 (2011)
  54. Aguilar-Arevalo A A et al. (MiniBooNE Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 111801 (2009)
  55. Thomas J, talk at talk at Lepton Photon 2011: XXVIntern. Symp. on Lepton Photon Interactions at High Energies, Mumbai, 22 - 27 August, 2011
  56. Abe K et al. (Super-Kamiokande Collab.) arXiv:1109.1621
  57. Anselmann P et al. (GALLEX Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 342 440 (1995)
  58. Kaether F et al. Phys. Lett. B 685 47 (2010)
  59. Abdurashitov J N et al. (SAGE Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 4708 (1996)
  60. Abdurashitov J N et al. (SAGE Collab.) Phys. Rev. C 73 045805 (2006)
  61. Giunti C, Laveder M Phys. Rev. C 83 065504 (2011)
  62. Giunti C, Laveder M Phys. Rev. D 82 113009 (2010)
  63. Aguilar-Arevalo A A et al. (MiniBooNE Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 101802 (2009)
  64. Lobashev V M et al. Phys. Lett. B 460 227 (1999)
  65. Aguilar-Arevalo A A et al. (MiniBooNE Collab.) arXiv:1109.3480
  66. Adam T et al. (OPERA Collab.) arXiv:1109.4897
  67. Strumia A Phys. Lett. B 539 91 (2002)
  68. Maltoni M et al. Nucl. Phys. B 643 321 (2002)
  69. Akhmedov E, Schwetz T JHEP (10) 115 (2010)
  70. Murayama H, Yanagida T Phys. Lett. B 520 263 (2001)
  71. Bogolyubov N N, Shirkov D V Vvedenie v Teoriyu Kvantovannykh Polei (M.: Gostekhizdat, 1957); Bogoliubov N N, Shirkov D V Introduction To The Theory Of Quantized Fields (New York: Interscience Publ., 1959)
  72. Tsukerman I S Usp. Fiz. Nauk 175 863 (2005); Tsukerman I S Phys. Usp. 48 863 (2005)
  73. Tsukerman I S arXiv:1006.4989
  74. Diaz J S, Kostelecky A arXiv:1108.1799
  75. Engelhardt N, Nelson A E, Walsh J R Phys. Rev. D 81 113001 (2010)
  76. Kopp J, Machado P A N, Parke S J Phys. Rev. D 82 113002 (2010)
  77. Schwetz T arXiv:0805.2234
  78. Yasuda O arXiv:1012.3478
  79. Aseev V N et al. arXiv:1108.5034
  80. Kraus Ch et al. Eur. Phys. J. C 40 447 (2005)
  81. Hannestad S et al. JCAP (08) 001 (2010)
  82. Gorbunov D S, Rubakov V A Vvedenie v Teoriyu Rannei Vselennoi. Kosmologicheskie Vozmushcheniya. Inflyatsionnaya Teoriya (M.: Krasand, 2010); Gorbunov D S, Rubakov V A Introduction To The Theory Of The Early Universe: Cosmological Perturbations And Inflationary Theory (Singapore: World Scientific, 2011)
  83. Rubakov V A Usp. Fiz. Nauk 169 1299 (1999); Rubakov V A Phys. Usp. 42 1193 (1999)
  84. Rubakov V A Usp. Fiz. Nauk 181 655 (2011); Rubakov V A Phys. Usp. 54 633 (2011)
  85. Sakharov A D Pis’ma ZhETF 5 32 (1967); Sakharov A D JETP Lett. 5 24 (1967)
  86. Rubakov V A, Shaposhnikov M E Usp. Fiz. Nauk 166 493 (1996); Rubakov V A, Shaposhnikov M E Phys. Usp. 39 461 (1996)
  87. Rubin V C, Ford W K (Jr.), Thonnard N Astrophys. J. 238 471 (1980)
  88. Begeman K G Astron. Astrophys. 223 47 (1989)
  89. The digitized sky survey (DSS), http://archive.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/dss_form
  90. Zwicky F Astrophys. J. 86 217 (1937)
  91. Limousin M et al. Astrophys. J. 668 643 (2007); Limousin M et al. http://www.dark-cosmology.dk
  92. The Multimission Archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (MAST), http://archive.stsci.edu/, STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555
  93. The Chandra Data Archive (CDA), http://asc.harvard.edu/cda/
  94. Clowe D et al. Astrophys. J. 648 L109 (2006)
  95. Bradač M et al. Astrophys. J. 652 937 (2006)
  96. Alcock C et al. (MACHO Collab.) Astrophys. J. 542 281 (2000)
  97. Tisserand P et al. (EROS-2 Collab.) Astron. Astrophys. 469 387 (2007)
  98. Riess A G et al. (Supernova Search Team Collab.) Astron. J. 116 1009 (1998)
  99. Perlmutter S et al. (Supernova Cosmology Project Collab.) Astrophys. J. 517 565 (1999)
  100. Perlmutter S Phys. Today 56 (4) 53 (2003)
  101. Riess A G, Press W H, Kirshner R P Astrophys. J. 473 88 (1996)
  102. Perlmutter S et al. (Supernova Cosmology Project Collab.) Astrophys. J. 483 565 (1997)
  103. Amanullah R et al. Astrophys. J. 716 712 (2010)
  104. Jullo E et al. Science 329 924 (2010)
  105. Komatsu E et al. (WMAP Collab.) Astrophys. J. Suppl. 192 18 (2011)
  106. Marinoni C, Buzzi A Nature 468 539 (2010)
  107. Khoury J, Weltman A Phys. Rev. D 69 044026 (2004)
  108. Linde A D Fizika Elementarnykh Chastits i Inflyatsionnaya Kosmologiya (M.: Nauka, 1990); Linde A Particle Physics And Inflationary Cosmology (Chur: Harwood Acad. Publ., 1990)
  109. Barate R et al. (LEP Working Group for Higgs boson searches, ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 565 61 (2003)
  110. Tonelli G (CMS Collab.) http://indico.cern.ch/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=164890, talk at CERN seminar, 13 December 2011
  111. Gianotti F (ATLAS Collab.) http://indico.cern.ch/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=164890, talk at CERN seminar, 13 December 2011
  112. Verzocchi M et al. (CDF and D0 Collab.), talk at talk at Lepton Photon 2011: XXV Intern. Symp. on Lepton Photon Interactions at High Energies, Mumbai, 22 - 27 August, 2011
  113. Baak M et al. arXiv:1107.0975
  114. Grozhan K Usp. Fiz. Nauk 177 3 (2007); Grojean C Phys. Usp. 50 1 (2007)
  115. Lane K hep-ph/0202255
  116. Manton N S Nucl. Phys. B 158 141 (1979)
  117. Csáki S et al. Phys. Rev. D 69 055006 (2004)
  118. Rubakov V A Usp. Fiz. Nauk 177 407 (2007); Rubakov V A Phys. Usp. 50 390 (2007)
  119. Atwood D, Gupta S K, Soni A arXiv:1104.3874
  120. Ghilencea D, Lanzagorta M, Ross G G Phys. Lett. B 415 253 (1997)
  121. Rubakov V A, Troitsky S V hep-ph/0001213
  122. Rubakov V A Usp. Fiz. Nauk 173 219 (2003); Rubakov V A Phys. Usp. 46 211 (2003)
  123. Kaluza T Berl. Ber. (1) 966 (1921)
  124. Klein O Z. Phys. 37 895 (1926)
  125. Akama K Lecture Notes Phys. 176 267 (1983)
  126. Rubakov V A, Shaposhnikov M E Phys. Lett. B 125 136 (1983)
  127. Visser M Phys. Lett. B 159 22 (1985)
  128. fon Klittsing K Usp. Fiz. Nauk 150 107 (1985); von Klitzing K Rev. Mod. Phys. 58 519 (1986)
  129. Fu L, Kane C L Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 096407 (2008)
  130. Ghaemi P, Wilczek F arXiv:0709.2626
  131. Bergman D L, Le Hur K Phys. Rev. B 79 184520 (2009)
  132. Volovik G E The Universe In A Helium Droplet (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2003)
  133. Arkani-Hamed N, Dimopoulos S, Dvali G Phys. Lett. B 429 263 (1998)
  134. Kapner D J et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 021101 (2007)
  135. Dvali G, Shifman M Phys. Lett. B 396 64 (1997)
  136. Rubakov V A, Shaposhnikov M E Phys. Lett. B 125 139 (1983)
  137. Gogberashvili M Mod. Phys. Lett. A 14 2025 (1999)
  138. Randall L, Sundrum R Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 3370 (1999)
  139. Oda I Phys. Lett. B 496 113 (2000)
  140. Vysotskii M I, Nevzorov R B Usp. Fiz. Nauk 171 939 (2001); Vysotskii M I, Nevzorov R B Phys. Usp. 44 919 (2001)
  141. Gorbunov D S, Dubovskii S L, Troitskii S V Usp. Fiz. Nauk 169 705 (1999); Gorbunov D S, Dubovskii S L, Troitskii S V Phys. Usp. 42 623 (1999)
  142. Kazakov D I hep-ph/0012288
  143. Strumia A JHEP (04) 073 (2011)
  144. Schmaltz M, Tucker-Smith D Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 55 229 (2005)
  145. Gherghetta T arXiv:1008.2570
  146. Libanov M V, Troitsky S V Nucl. Phys. B 599 319 (2001)
  147. Frère J-M, Libanov M V, Troitsky S V Phys. Lett. B 512 169 (2001)
  148. Frère J-M, Libanov M, Ling F-S JHEP (09) 081 (2010)
  149. Dvali G, Shifman M Phys. Lett. B 475 295 (2000)
  150. Iwasaki Y et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 21 (1992)
  151. Krutov A F, Troitsky V E, Tsirova N A Phys. Rev. C 80 055210 (2009)
  152. Aubert B et al. (The BABAR Collab.) Phys. Rev. D 80 052002 (2009)
  153. Di Giacomo A "Lattice gauge theory" Encyclopedia Of Mathematical Physics Vol. 1 (Eds J-P Francoise, G L Naber, T S Tsun) (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2006) p. 275
  154. Creutz M Phys. Rev. D 21 2308 (1980)
  155. Aoki S et al. (PACS-CS Collab.) Phys. Rev. D 81 074503 (2010)
  156. Kajantie K, Montonen C, Pietarinen E Z. Phys. C 9 253 (1981)
  157. Aoki Y et al. Nature 443 675 (2006)
  158. Tsun T S "Electric-magnetic duality" Encyclopedia Of Mathematical Physics Vol. 1 (Eds J-P Francoise, G L Naber, T S Tsun) (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2006) p. 201
  159. Seiberg N, Witten E Nucl. Phys. B 426 19 (1994); Seiberg N, Witten E "Erratum" Nucl. Phys. B 430 486 (1994)
  160. Affleck I, Dine M, Seiberg N Nucl. Phys. B 241 493 (1984)
  161. Seiberg N Nucl. Phys. B 435 129 (1995)
  162. Evans N, Hsu S D H, Schwetz M Phys. Lett. B 355 475 (1995)
  163. Aharony O et al. Phys. Rev. D 52 6157 (1995)
  164. Maldacena J M Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2 231 (1998)
  165. Witten E Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2 253 (1998)

© 1918–2024 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions