RSS feeds
ÐóññêèéEnglish
Issue 11, 2024
Volume year page
Issues Authors PACS Subscription For authors

Issues

 / 

2010

 / 

December

←  →

Reviews of topical problems


The physics of neutron stars


Ioffe Institute, ul. Polytekhnicheskaya 26, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation

Topical problems in the physics of and basic facts about neutron stars are reviewed. The observational manifestations of neutron stars, their core and envelope structure, magnetic fields, thermal evolution, and masses and radii are briefly discussed, along with the underlying microphysics.

Fulltext pdf (407 KB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0180.201012c.1279
PACS: 26.60.−c, 97.60.Gb, 97.60.Jd (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.0180.201012c.1279
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2010/12/c/
000288495700003
2-s2.0-79955578149
Citation: Potekhin A Yu "The physics of neutron stars" Phys. Usp. 53 1235–1256 (2010)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Îðèãèíàë: Ïîòåõèí À Þ «Ôèçèêà íåéòðîííûõ çâ¸çä» ÓÔÍ 180 1279–1304 (2010); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0180.201012c.1279

References (222) ↓ Cited by (93) Similar articles (20)

  1. Fortov V E Usp. Fiz. Nauk 179 653 (2009); Fortov V E Phys. Usp. 52 615 (2009)
  2. Glendenning N K Compact Stars: Nuclear Physics, Particle Physics, And General Relativity 2nd ed. (New York: Springer, 2000)
  3. Shklovskii I S Zvezdy: Ikh Rozhdenie, Zhizn’ i Smert’ 3-e izd. (M.: Nauka, 1984); Shklovskii I S Stars: Their Birth, Life, And Death (San Francisco: W.H. Freeman, 1978)
  4. Ginzburg V L Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 156 43 (1964); Ginzburg V L Sov. Phys. Dokl. 9 329 (1964)
  5. Ginzburg V L, Ozernoi L M Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 47 1030 (1964); Ginzburg V L, Ozernoi L M Sov. Phys. JETP 20 689 (1965)
  6. Ginzburg V L, Kirzhnits D A Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 47 2006 (1964); Ginzburg V L, Kirzhnits D A Sov. Phys. JETP 20 1346 (1965)
  7. Migdal A B Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 37 249 (1959); Migdal A B Sov. Phys. JETP 10 176 (1960)
  8. Ginzburg V L Usp. Fiz. Nauk 97 601 (1969); Ginzburg V L Sov. Phys. Usp. 12 241 (1969)
  9. Ginzburg V L, Syrovatskii S I Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 158 808 (1964); Ginzburg V L, Syrovatskii A I Sov. Phys. Dokl. 9 831 (1965)
  10. Ginzburg V L, Kirzhniz D A Nature 220 148 (1968)
  11. Ginzburg V L, Zheleznyakov V V, Zaitsev V V Nature 220 355 (1968)
  12. Ginzburg V L, Zaitsev V V Nature 222 230 (1969)
  13. Ginzburg V L, Zheleznyakov V V, Zaitsev V V Usp. Fiz. Nauk 98 201 (1969); Ginzburg V L, Zheleznyakov V V, Zaitsev V V Astrophys. Space Sci. 4 464 (1969)
  14. Ginzburg V L, Zheleznyakov V V Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 13 511 (1975)
  15. Ginzburg V L, Zheleznyakov V V Comm. Astrophys. Space Phys. 2 167 (1970)
  16. Ginzburg V L, Zheleznyakov V V Comm. Astrophys. Space Phys. 2 197 (1970)
  17. Ginzburg V L Highlights Astron. 2 737 (1971)
  18. Ginzburg V L, Usov V V Pis’ma ZhETF 15 280 (1972); Ginzburg V L, Usov V V JETP Lett. 15 196 (1972)
  19. Ginzburg V L Usp. Fiz. Nauk 103 393 (1971); Ginzburg V L Sov. Phys. Usp. 14 83 (1971); Ginzburg V L Highlights Astron. 2 20 (1971)
  20. ATNF Pulsar Catalogue, http://www.atnf.csiro.au/research/pulsar/psrcat/; Manchester R N et al. Astron. J. 129 1993 (2005)
  21. Bisnovatyi-Kogan G S Usp. Fiz. Nauk 176 59 (2006); Bisnovatyi-Kogan G S Phys. Usp. 49 53 (2006)
  22. Mereghetti S Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 15 225 (2008)
  23. Ginzburg V L Rasprostranenie Elektromagnitnykh Voln v Plazme 2-e izd. (M.: Nauka, 1967); Ginzburg V L The Propagation Of Electromagnetic Waves In Plasmas 2nd ed. (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1970)
  24. Shapiro S L, Teukolsky S A Black Holes, White Dwarfs, And Neutron Stars: The Physics Of Compact Objects (New York: Wiley, 1983); Shapiro S, T’yukolski S Chernye Dyry, Belye Karliki i Neitronnye Zvezdy Vol. 1, 2 (M.: Mir, 1985)
  25. Haensel P, Potekhin A Y, Yakovlev D G Neutron Stars 1: Equation Of State And Structure (New York: Springer, 2007)
  26. Yakovlev D G, Levenfish K P, Shibanov Yu A Usp. Fiz. Nauk 169 825 (1999); Yakovlev D G, Levenfish K R, Shibanov Yu A Phys. Usp. 42 737 (1999)
  27. Beskin V S Usp. Fiz. Nauk 169 1169 (1999); Beskin V S Phys. Usp. 42 1071 (1999)
  28. Malov I F Radiopul’sary (M.: Nauka, 2004)
  29. Michel F S Adv. Space Res. 33 542 (2004)
  30. Yakovlev D G et al. Phys. Rep. 354 1 (2001)
  31. Misner S W, Thorne K S, Wheeler J A Gravitation (San Francisco: W.H. Freeman, 1973); Mizner Ch, Torn K, Uiler Dzh Gravitatsiya Vol. 1 - 3 (Per. s angl. pod red. V B Braginskogo, I D Novikova) (M.: Mir, 1977)
  32. Tolman R S Phys. Rev. 55 364 (1939)
  33. Oppenheimer J R, Volkoff G M Phys. Rev. 55 374 (1939)
  34. Hessels J W T et al. Science 311 1901 (2006)
  35. Bonazzola S, Gourgoulhon E Astron. Astrophys. 312 675 (1996)
  36. Braginskii V B Usp. Fiz. Nauk 170 743 (2000); Braginskii V V Phys. Usp. 43 691 (2000)
  37. Popov S B, Prokhorov M E Usp. Fiz. Nauk 177 1179 (2007); Popov S V, Prokhorov M E Phys. Usp. 50 1123 (2007)
  38. Kramer M, Stairs I H Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 46 541 (2008)
  39. Istomin Ya N Pis’ma Astron. Zhurn. 17 711 (1991); Istomin Ya V Sov. Astron. Lett. 17 301 (1991)
  40. Kramer M Astrophys. J. 509 856 (1998)
  41. Champion D J et al. Science 320 1309 (2008)
  42. Freire P C C arXiv:0907.3219
  43. Shklovskii I S Sverkhnovye Zvezdy i Svyazannye s Nimi Problemy 2-e izd. (M.: Nauka, 1976); Shklovskii I S Supernovae (New York: Wiley, 1968)
  44. Imshennik V S, Nadezhin D K Usp. Fiz. Nauk 156 561 (1988); Imshennik V S, Nadyozhin D K Soviet Scientific Reviews (Ser. E: Astrophysics and Space Physics) Vol. 7 (Chur: Harwood Acad. Publ., 1989) p. 75
  45. Imshennik V S Space Sci. Rev. 74 325 (1995)
  46. Arnett D Supernovae And Nucleosynthesis (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1996)
  47. Woosley S, Janka H-T Nature Phys. 1 147 (2005)
  48. Paczyński V Acta Astron. 42 145 (1992)
  49. Postnov K A Usp. Fiz. Nauk 169 545 (1999); Postnov K A Phys. Usp. 42 469 (1999)
  50. Strohmayer T, Bildsten L Compact Stellar X-Ray Sources (Eds W Lewin, M van der Klis) (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006) p. 113
  51. Ruderman M Nature 223 597 (1969)
  52. Baym G, Pines D Ann. Physics 66 816 (1971)
  53. Blaes O et al. Astrophys. J. 343 839 (1989)
  54. Haensel P, Denisov A, Popov S Astron. Astrophys. 240 78 (1990)
  55. Alpar M A Adv. Space Res. 21 159 (1998)
  56. Franco L M, Bennett L, Epstein R I Astrophys. J. 543 987 (2000)
  57. Reisenegger A et al. Astrophys. J. 653 568 (2006)
  58. Bisnovatyi-Kogan G S, Chechetkin V M Usp. Fiz. Nauk 127 263 (1979); Bisnovatyi-Kogan G S, Chechetkin V M Sov. Phys. Usp. 22 89 (1979)
  59. Haensel P, Zdunik J L Astron. Astrophys. 227 431 (1990)
  60. Haensel P, Zdunik J L Astron. Astrophys. 404 L33 (2003)
  61. Lipunov V M Astrofizika Neitronnykh Zvezd (M.: Nauka, 1987); Lipunov V M Astrophysics Of Neutron Stars (Berlin: Springer, 1992)
  62. Baade W, Zwicky F Phys. Rev. 45 138 (1934)
  63. Chadwick J Nature 129 312 (1932)
  64. Rosenfeld L Astrophysics & Gravitation, Proc. 16th Solvay Conf. on Physics (Brussels: Universite de Bruxelles, 1974) p. 174
  65. Landau L D Phys. Z. Sowjetunion 1 285 (1932)
  66. Zwicky F Astrophys. J. 88 522 (1938)
  67. Cameron A G W Astrophys. J. 130 916 (1959)
  68. Bohr A, Mottelson V R, Pines D Phys. Rev. 110 936 (1958)
  69. Ambartsumyan V A, Saakyan G S Astron. Zhurn. 37 193 (1960); Ambartsumyan V A, Saakyan G S Sov. Astron. 4 187 (1960)
  70. Zel’dovich Ya B Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 41 1609 (1961); Zeldovich Ya V Sov. Phys. JETP 14 1143 (1962)
  71. Bahcall J N, Wolf R A Phys. Rev. 140 B1452 (1965)
  72. Chiu H-Y, Salpeter E E Phys. Rev. Lett. 12 413 (1964)
  73. Stabler R C Ph.D. Thesis (Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ., 1960)
  74. Morton D S Nature 201 1308 (1964)
  75. Bahcall J N, Wolf R A Astrophys. J. 142 1254 (1965)
  76. Tsuruta S, Cameron A G W Can. J. Phys. 44 1863 (1966)
  77. Pacini F Nature 216 567 (1967)
  78. Giacconi R et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 9 439 (1962)
  79. Becker W, Trümper J Astron. Astrophys. 326 682 (1997)
  80. Zeldovich Ya B, Guseynov O N Astrophys. J. 144 840 (1966)
  81. Kardashev N S Astron. Zhurn. 41 807 (1964); Kardashev N S Sov. Astron. 8 643 (1965)
  82. Hewish A et al. Nature 217 709 (1968)
  83. Hewish A Rev. Mod. Phys. 47 567 (1975)
  84. Gold T Nature 218 731 (1968)
  85. Shklovsky I S Astrophys. J. 148 L1 (1967)
  86. de Freitas Pacheco J A, Steiner J E, Neto A D Astron. Astrophys. 55 111 (1977)
  87. Cameron A G W, Mock M Nature 215 464 (1967)
  88. Yakovlev D G, Pethick S J Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 42 169 (2004)
  89. Zavlin V E Neutron Stars And Pulsars (Ed. W Becker) (New York: Springer, 2009) p. 181
  90. Walter F M, Wolk S J, Neuhäuser R Nature 379 233 (1996)
  91. de Luca A AIP Conf. Proc. 983 311 (2008)
  92. Haberl F Astrophys. Space Sci. 308 181 (2007)
  93. Halpern J P, Gotthelf E V Astrophys. J. 709 436 (2010)
  94. Popov S B, Prokhorov M E Astrofizika Odinochnykh Neitronnykh Zvezd: Radiotikhie Neitronnye Zvezdy i Magnitary (M.: GAISh MGU, 2002)
  95. Potekhin A Y, Chabrier G Astrophys. J. 585 955 (2003)
  96. Potekhin A Y Astron. Astrophys. 518 A24 (2010)
  97. Thompson C The Neutron Star — Black Hole Connection (Eds C Kouveliotou, J Ventura, E Van den Heuvel) (Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. Publ., 2001) p. 369
  98. Urpin V, Konenkov D Astron. Astrophys. 483 223 (2008)
  99. Pons J A, Miralles J A, Geppert U Astron. Astrophys. 496 207 (2009)
  100. Kaminker A D et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 395 2257 (2009)
  101. Manchester R N, Taylor J M Pulsars (San Francisco: W.H. Freeman, 1977); Manchester R, Teilor Dzh Pul’sary (Per. s angl. pod red. A D Kuz’mina) (M.: Mir, 1980)
  102. Stephenson F R, Green D A Historical Supernovae And Their Remnants (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2002)
  103. Zavlin V E Astrophys. Space Sci. 308 297 (2007)
  104. Malov I F, Machabeli G Z Anomal’nye Pul’sary (M.: Nauka, 2009)
  105. Ertan Ü et al. Astrophys. Space Sci. 308 73 (2007)
  106. van der Klis M et al. Nature 316 225 (1985)
  107. van der Klis M Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 38 717 (2000)
  108. Kluzniak M et al. Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrophys. 27 18 (2007)
  109. Tagger M Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrophys. 27 26 (2007)
  110. Shaposhnikov N, Titarchuk L Astrophys. J. 606 L57 (2004)
  111. Steiner A W, Lattimer J M, Brown E F Astrophys. J. 722 33 (2010)
  112. Brown E F, Bildsten L, Rutledge R E Astrophys. J. 504 L95 (1998)
  113. Brown E F, Cumming A Astrophys. J. 698 1020 (2009)
  114. Shternin P S et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 382 L43 (2007)
  115. Akmal A, Pandharipande V R, Ravenhall D G Phys. Rev. C 58 1804 (1998)
  116. Douchin F, Haensel P Astron. Astrophys. 380 151 (2001)
  117. Pandharipande V R, Ravenhall D G Nuclear Matter And Heavy Ion Collisions (Eds M Soyeur et al.) (Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1989) p. 103
  118. Douchin F, Haensel P Phys. Lett. B 485 107 (2000)
  119. Heiselberg H, Hjorth-Jensen M Phys. Rep. 328 237 (2000)
  120. Haensel P, Potekhin A Y Astron. Astrophys. 428 191 (2004)
  121. Bocquet M et al. Astron. Astrophys. 301 757 (1995)
  122. Walecka J D Ann. Physics 83 491 (1974)
  123. Gamow G, Schoenberg M Phys. Rev. 59 539 (1941)
  124. Gamow G My World Line: An Informal Autobiography (New York: Viking Press, 1970); Gamov G A Moya Mirovaya Liniya: Neformal’naya Avtobiografiya (M.: Nauka, 1994)
  125. Haensel P Space Sci. Rev. 74 427 (1995)
  126. Salpeter E E Ann. Physics 11 393 (1960)
  127. Balberg S, Gal A Nucl. Phys. A 625 435 (1997)
  128. Migdal A B Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 61 2209 (1971); Migdal A V Sov. Phys. JETP 34 1184 (1972)
  129. Sawyer R F Phys. Rev. Lett. 29 382 (1972); Sawyer R F Phys. Rev. Lett. 29 823 (1972), erratum
  130. Scalapino D J Phys. Rev. Lett. 29 386 (1972)
  131. Migdal A B Usp. Fiz. Nauk 123 369 (1977); Migdal A B Sov. Phys. Usp. 20 879 (1977)
  132. Kunihiro T, Takatsuka T, Tamagaki R Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 112 197 (1993)
  133. Kaplan D B, Nelson A E Phys. Lett. B 175 57 (1986)
  134. Ramos A, Schaffner-Bielich J, Wambach J Lecture Notes Phys. 578 175 (2001)
  135. Kolomeitsev E E, Voskresensky D N Phys. Rev. C 68 015803 (2003)
  136. Glendenning N K, Schaffner-Bielich J Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 4564 (1998)
  137. Dremin I M, Kaidalov A B Usp. Fiz. Nauk 176 275 (2006); Dremin I M, Kaidalov A V Phys. Usp. 49 263 (2006)
  138. Ivanenko D D, Kurdgelaidze D F Astrofizika 1 479 (1965); Ivanenko D D, Kurdgelaidze D F Astrophysics 1 251 (1965)
  139. Collins J C, Perry M J Phys. Rev. Lett. 34 1353 (1975)
  140. Kurkela A, Romatschke P, Vuorinen A Phys. Rev. D 81 105021 (2010)
  141. Blaschke D et al. Phys. Rev. C 80 065807 (2009)
  142. Iosilevskiy I Acta Phys. Polon. B Proc. Suppl. 3 589 (2010)
  143. Glendenning N K Phys. Rev. D 46 1274 (1992)
  144. Cazzola P, Lucaroni L, Scarinci S Nuovo Cimento B 43 250 (1966)
  145. Takemori M T, Guyer R A Phys. Rev. D 11 2696 (1975)
  146. Pandharipande V R, Smith R A Phys. Lett. B 59 15 (1975)
  147. Takatsuka T, Tamagaki R Prog. Theor. Phys. 58 694 (1977)
  148. Kutschera M, Wójcik W Phys. Lett. B 223 11 (1989)
  149. Takatsuka T, Tamagaki R Prog. Theor. Phys. 79 274 (1988)
  150. Kristian J et al. Nature 338 234 (1989)
  151. Kristian J Nature 349 747 (1991)
  152. Pethick S J, Ravenhall D G Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 45 429 (1995)
  153. Chugunov A I, Haensel P Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 381 1143 (2007)
  154. Aguilera D N et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 091101 (2009)
  155. Pethick S J, Potekhin A Y Phys. Lett. B 427 7 (1998)
  156. Ravenhall D G, Pethick S J, Wilson J R Phys. Rev. Lett. 50 2066 (1983)
  157. Lorenz S P, Ravenhall D G, Pethick S J Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 379 (1993)
  158. Gusakov M E et al. Astron. Astrophys. 421 1143 (2004)
  159. Potekhin A Y, Chabrier G Phys. Rev. E 62 8554 (2000)
  160. Lai D Rev. Mod. Phys. 73 629 (2001)
  161. Baiko D A et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 5556 (1998)
  162. Potekhin A Y et al. Astrophys. J. 612 1034 (2004)
  163. Ho W S G, Potekhin A Y, Chabrier G Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 178 102 (2008)
  164. Mori K, Ho W S G Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 377 905 (2007)
  165. Dall’Osso S, Shore S N, Stella L Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 398 1869 (2009)
  166. Chandrasekhar S, Fermi E Astrophys. J. 118 116 (1953)
  167. Lai D, Shapiro E E Astrophys. J. 383 745 (1991)
  168. Reisenegger A Proc. of the Intern. Workshop on Strong Magnetic Fields and Neutron Stars (Eds H J Mosquera Cuesta, H Perez Rojas, C A Zen Vasconcellos) (La Habana, Cuba: ICIMAF, 2003) p. 33
  169. Bisnovatyi-Kogan G S Astrophys. Space Sci. 189 147 (1992)
  170. Thompson C, Duncan R S Astrophys. J. 408 194 (1993)
  171. Baym G, Pethick C, Pines D Nature 224 674 (1969)
  172. Cumming A, Arras P, Zweibel E Astrophys. J. 609 999 (2004)
  173. Landau L D Z. Phys. 64 629 (1930)
  174. Pavlov G G, Gnedin Yu N Sov. Sci. Rev. E Astrophys. Space Phys. 3 197 (1984)
  175. Ho W S G, Lai D Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 338 233 (2003)
  176. Trümper J et al. Astrophys. J. 219 L105 (1978)
  177. Enoto T et al. Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 60 S57 (2008)
  178. Rodes-Roca J J et al. Astron. Astrophys. 508 395 (2009)
  179. Santangelo A et al. Astrophys. J. 523 L85 (1999)
  180. Bignami G F et al. Nature 423 725 (2003)
  181. Suleimanov V F, Pavlov G G, Werner K Astrophys. J. 714 630 (2010)
  182. Broderick A, Prakash M, Lattimer J M Astrophys. J. 537 351 (2000)
  183. Johnson V R, Hirschfelder J O, Yang K-N Rev. Mod. Phys. 55 109 (1983)
  184. Ruder H et al. Atoms In Strong Magnetic Fields: Quantum Mechanical Treatment And Applications In Astrophysics And Quantum Chaos (Berlin: Springer, 1994)
  185. Ruderman M A Phys. Rev. Lett. 27 1306 (1971)
  186. Potekhin A Y J. Phys. B At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 31 49 (1998)
  187. Detmer T, Schmelcher P, Cederbaum L S Phys. Rev. A 57 1767 (1998)
  188. Kappes U, Schmelcher P Phys. Rev. A 53 3869 (1996)
  189. Turbiner A V Astrophys. Space Sci. 308 267 (2007)
  190. Medin Z, Lai D Phys. Rev. A 74 062508 (2006)
  191. Burkova L A i dr. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 71 526 (1976); Burkova L A et al. Sov. Phys. JETP 44 276 (1976)
  192. Ipatova I P, Maslov A Yu, Subashiev A V Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 87 1804 (1984); Ipatova I P, Maslov A Yu, Subashiev A V Sov. Phys. JETP 60 1037 (1984)
  193. Vincke M, Le Dourneuf M, Baye D J. Phys. B At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 25 2787 (1992)
  194. Potekhin A Y J. Phys. B At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 27 1073 (1994)
  195. Bezchastnov V G, Pavlov G G, Ventura J Phys. Rev. A 58 180 (1998)
  196. Pavlov G G, Bezchastnov V G Astrophys. J. 635 L61 (2005)
  197. Vincke M, Baye D J. Phys. B At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 21 2407 (1988)
  198. Pavlov G G, Mészáros P Astrophys. J. 416 752 (1993)
  199. Yakovlev D G, Kaminker A D The Equation Of State In Astrophysics (Eds G Chabrier, E Schatzman) (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1994) p. 214
  200. Potekhin A Y Astron. Astrophys. 351 787 (1999)
  201. Ventura J, Potekhin A The Neutron Star — Black Hole Connection (Eds C Kouveliotou, J Ventura, E Van den Heuvel) (Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. Publ., 2001) p. 393
  202. Thorne K S Astrophys. J. 212 825 (1977)
  203. GnedO Y, Yakovlev D G, Potekhin A Y Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 324 725 (2001)
  204. Potekhin A Y, Chabrier G, Yakovlev D G Astrophys. Space Sci. 308 353 (2007); Potekhin A Y, Chabrier G, Yakovlev D G astro-ph/0611014, corrected version v3
  205. Gudmundsson E H, Pethick S J, Epstein R I Astrophys. J. 272 286 (1983)
  206. Potekhin A Y et al. Astrophys. J. 594 404 (2003)
  207. Yakovlev D G et al. Astron. Astrophys. 417 169 (2004)
  208. Yakovlev D G et al. AIP Conf. Proc. 983 379 (2008)
  209. Potekhin A Y, Chabrier G, Yakovlev D G Astron. Astrophys. 323 415 (1997)
  210. Chabrier G, Saumon D, Potekhin A Y J. Phys. A Math. Gen. 39 4411 (2006)
  211. Potekhin A Y, UrpV, Chabrier G Astron. Astrophys. 443 1025 (2005)
  212. Pavlov G G, Zavlin V E Texas in Tuscany. XXI Symp. on Relativistic Astrophysics, Florence, Italy, 9 - 13 December 2002 (Eds. R Bandiera, R Maiolino, F Mannucci) (Singapore: World Scientific, 2003) p. 319
  213. Ho W S G et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 375 821 (2007)
  214. Mihalas D Stellar Atmospheres 2nd ed. (San Francisco: W.H. Freeman, 1978); Mikhalas D Zvezdnye Atmosfery Vol. 1, 2 (Per. s angl. pod red. V V Ivanova) (M.: Mir, 1982)
  215. Walter F M, Matthews L D Nature 389 358 (1997)
  216. Walter F M Astrophys. J. 549 433 (2001)
  217. Drake J J et al. Astrophys. J. 572 996 (2002)
  218. Walter F M, Lattimer J M Astrophys. J. 576 L145 (2002)
  219. Kaplan D L, van Kerkwijk M H, Anderson J Astrophys. J. 571 447 (2002)
  220. van Kerkwijk M H, Kaplan D L Astrophys. Space Sci. 308 191 (2007)
  221. Pons J A et al. Astrophys. J. 564 981 (2002)
  222. Burwitz V et al. Astron. Astrophys. 399 1109 (2003)
© 1918–2024 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions