Intense ion beams for generating extreme states of matter
V.E. Fortova,
D.H.H. Hoffmannb,
B.Yu. Sharkovc aJoint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Izhorskaya 13/19, Moscow, 127412, Russian Federation bInstitut für Kernphysik, Schlossgartenstr. 9, Darmstadt, D-64289, Deutschland cRussian Federation State Scientific Center ‘A.I. Alikhanov Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics’, ul. Bolshaya Cheremushkinskaya 25, Moscow, 117259, Russian Federation
This paper reviews the basic ideas as well as the latest
experimental results obtained in the rapidly emerging field that
studies macroscopic thermodynamic parameters and collective
phenomena occurring due to exposure of matter to an intense
ion beam. Beams of accelerated heavy ions as a tool to produce
extreme states of matter under reproducible experimental conditions have attracted the attention of scientists from around the
world. This is largely due to the fact that an ion beam releases its
energy into the volume of matter. Importantly, relativistic
colliders, being unique tools for probing extreme states of
matter, have opened up new possibilities for producing various
states of matter, including those exhibiting exotic sets of thermodynamic parameters. The problems addressed by experiments in the field are of fundamental nature and deal with equations of states of supercompressed matter, plasma phase
transitions, critical points of metals, anomalous conductivity,
noncongruent phase transformations, and atomic physics with
strong interparticle interactions.
@article{Fortov:2008,author = {V. E. Fortov and D. H. H. Hoffmann and B. Yu. Sharkov},title = {Intense ion beams for generating extreme states of matter},publisher = {Physics-Uspekhi},year = {2008},journal = {Phys. Usp.},volume = {51},number = {2},pages = {109-131},url = {https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2008/2/a/},doi = {10.1070/PU2008v051n02ABEH006420}}