This review is based on the report under the same title presented at the joint scientific session of the Physical Sciences Division, RAS and the Scientific Council of P N Lebedev Physical Institute celebrating the 90th birthday of Academician V L Ginzburg, October 4, 2006 [see Phys. Usp. 50 (5) 529 (2007)]. (Note by the Editorial Board.)
The review is based on a report presented by the author at the RAS Physical Sciences Division’s session in honor of Vitaly L Ginzburg’s 90th birthday. It examines the current status of theoretical and experimental research on nonlinear phenomena arising when a powerful radio wave propagates in the ionosphere. The focus is on the modification of the ionosphere under the resonance excitation of natural plasma oscillations by radio waves. The upper-hybrid resonance gives rise to strong upper- and lower-hybrid plasma waves; excites strongly elongated ionospheric irregularities, and induces artificial ionospheric radio emission. Nonlinear processes are found to undergo complete transformation near double resonances, when the upper-hybrid frequency is close to a multiple of the electron gyromagnetic frequency. In the neighborhood of the Langmuir resonance, intense plasma waves and ion-sound waves are excited, electrons are effectively accelerated, and an artificial glow of the ionosphere appears.

PACS: 41.20.Jb, 52.35.−g, 52.40.Db, 94.20.−y (all) DOI: 10.1070/PU2007v050n11ABEH006212 URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2007/11/a/ 000253900700001 2-s2.0-40449132875 2007PhyU...50.1091G Citation: Gurevich A V "Nonlinear effects in the ionosphere" Phys. Usp. 50 1091–1121 (2007) BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks Оригинал: Гуревич А В «Нелинейные явления в ионосфере» УФН 177 1145–1177 (2007); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0177.200711a.1145