RSS feeds
ÐóññêèéEnglish
Issue 12, 2024
Volume year page
Issues Authors PACS Subscription For authors

Issues

 / 

2000

 / 

April

←  →

Reviews of topical problems


Climate as a problem of physics

,
P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Krasikova 23, Moscow, 117218, Russian Federation

The logical fundamentals of the theory of climate are outlined: (1) the climate system OLA (ocean-land-atmosphere) is defined; (2) analogously to the theory of turbulence, the notion of climate is defined as a multicomponent random function in the OLA space-time (or, equivalently, as a statistical ensemble of states the OLA system passes through in a period of several decades); (3) the solar climate, i.e. the distribution of solar radiation at the upper atmosphere boundary, is determined, to be employed as the boundary condition for the OLA system; (4) the ’horizontal’ heat and mass transfer processes between the equatorial and polar zones are described; (5) the ’vertical’ processes of radiative-convective heat and mass transfer, among them the greenhouse effect of water vapor and small gas admixtures, are discussed; (6) the ’vertical’ radiative heat transfer processes in an aerosol-containing atmosphere is considered, including the anti-greenhouse effect of volcanic and smoke aerosols, and the ’nuclear night’ and ’nuclear winter’ scenarios.

Fulltext pdf (824 KB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.1070/PU2000v043n04ABEH000678
PACS: 89.60.+x, 92.60.−e, 92.60.Ry, 92.90.+x (all)
DOI: 10.1070/PU2000v043n04ABEH000678
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2000/4/d/
000087162200004
Citation: Monin A S, Shishkov Yu A "Climate as a problem of physics" Phys. Usp. 43 381–406 (2000)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Îðèãèíàë: Ìîíèí À Ñ, Øèøêîâ Þ À «Êëèìàò êàê ïðîáëåìà ôèçèêè» ÓÔÍ 170 419–445 (2000); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0170.200004d.0419

References (170) ↓ Cited by (46) Similar articles (20)

  1. Manley G Quart. J. R. Met. Soc. 79 242 (1953)
  2. Manley G Quart. J. R. Met. Soc. 100 389 (1974)
  3. Bradley R S, Jones P D The Holocene 3 387 (1993)
  4. Monin A S, Shishkov Yu A Istoriya Klimata (Climate History, Leningrad: Gidrometizdat, 1979)
  5. Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseî (Complete Set of Russian Chronicles) Vol. 14, Pt. 1 (St. Petersburg, 1910) p. 55
  6. Monin A S, Shishkov Yu A Nauki o Zemle Vyp. 7 (Earth Sciences, Moscow: Znanie, 1990)
  7. Hansen J, Lebedeff S J. Geophys. Res. 92 13.345 - 13.372 (1987)
  8. Hansen J, Lebedeff S Geophys. Res. Lett. 15 323 (1988)
  9. Hansen J, Ruedy R, Sato M, Reynolds R Geophys. Res. Lett. 23 1665 (1996)
  10. Jones P D, Wigley T M L, Gregory J M "Trend 93" 975 (Oak Ridge, 1994)
  11. Lorenz E N J. Atm. Sci. 20 (5) 448 (1963)
  12. Lorenz E N Met. Monogr. 30 1 (1968)
  13. Lorenz E N J. Appl. Met. 9 325 (1970)
  14. Monin A S Vrashchenie Zemli i Klimat (Earth’s Rotation and Climate, Leningrad: Gidrometizdat, 1972) [Translated into English (Delhi: Radok-Radhakrishna, 1974)]
  15. Monin A S Vvedenie v Teoriyu Klimata (An Introduction to the Climate Theory, Leningrad: Gidrometizdat, 1982) [Translated into English (Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publ. Co., 1986)]
  16. Monin A S Dokl. Ross. Akad. Nauk 328 395 (1993)
  17. The Physical Basis of Climate and Climate Modelling Ser. 16 (GARP Publ., 1975)
  18. Monin A S, Gavrilin B L Gidrodinamicheskiî Prognoz Pogody (Hydrodynamic Weather Forecast, Leningrad: Gidrometizdat, 1977) p. 56
  19. Kitting M Programme of Action. Publication of the Center "For Our Common Future" (Geneva, 1993)
  20. Kutzbach J E, Bryson R A J. Atm. Sci. 31 1958 (1974)
  21. Fedorov E E, Baranov A I Klimat Ravniny ETS v Pogodakh (Climate of the Plain of the European Territory of the USSR in Weathers, Moscow-Leningrad, 1949)
  22. Kondrat’ev K Ya Itogi Nauki i Tekhniki, Ser. Meteorol., Klimatol. Vol. 6 (1981), Vol. 8 (1982), Vol. 16 (1986)
  23. Kondrat’ev K Ya Sputnikovaya Klimatologiya (Satellite Climatology, Moscow: Gidrometeoizdat, 1983)
  24. Kondrat’ev K Ya, Moskalenko N I Itogi Nauki i Tekhniki, Ser. Meteorol., Klimatol. Vol. 12 (1984)
  25. Kondrat’ev K Ya, Prokof’ev M A Itogi Nauki i Tekhniki, Ser. Meteorol., Klimatol. Vol. 11 (1983)
  26. Kondrat’ev K Ya Global’nyî Klimat i Ego Izmeneniya (Global Climate and Its Changes, Leningrad: Nauka, 1987)
  27. Willson R C, Gulkis S et al. Science 211 700 (1981)
  28. Wood R M Nature (London) 255 312 (1975)
  29. Prokudina V S Soobshcheniya GAISh 44 (1978)
  30. Avsyuk Yu N Prilivnye Sily i Prirodnye Protsessy (Tidal Forces and Natural Processes, Moscow: OIFZ RAN, 1996)
  31. Landsberg H E, Mitchell J M, Gruntcher H L Monthly Weather Rev. 87 (8, 1959)
  32. Brier G W Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 95 art. 1 (1961)
  33. Kolesnikova V N, Monin A S Meteorol. Issled. 16 30 (1968)
  34. Vulis I L, Monin A S Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 197 (2) 328 (1971)
  35. Vulis I L, Monin A S Tellus 13 (4 - 5) 337 (1971)
  36. Monin A S Rannyaya Geologicheskaya Istoriya Zemli (Early Geological History of the Earth, Moscow: Nedra, 1987)
  37. McDonald J F Rev. Geophys. 2 (4) 467 (1964)
  38. Milankovich M Glas. Srpske K. Akad. Belgrade 91 101 (1913)
  39. Milankovich M Bull. Trav. Akad. Sci. Zagreb (1915)
  40. Milankovich M Theorie math. des phenomenes therm. produits par la radiation solaire, Ac. Yougoslave Sci. Arts Zagreb (1920)
  41. Milankovich M Bull. Ac. R. Serbe Sci. Math. nat. Belgrade A 4 (1938)
  42. Milankovich M Handb. Geophys. Berlin 9 593 (1938)
  43. Milankovitch M Mathematische Klimalehre und Astronomische Theorie der Klimaschwankungen (Mathematical Climatology and the Astronomical Theory of Climate Oscillations, Berlin, 1930) [Translated into Russian (Moscow - Leningrad: GONTI, 1939)]
  44. Milankovich M Canon der Erdbestrahlung und seine Anwend. auf das Eiszeitenproblem Belgrade (1941)
  45. Vorob’ev V I, Monin A S Fiz. Atm. Okeana 11 (9) 383 (1975)
  46. Vulis I L, Monin A S Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 242 (5) 1034 (1978)
  47. Vulis I L, Monin A S Fiz. Atm. Okeana 15 (1) 3 (1979)
  48. Monin A S Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 249 (2) 319 (1979) [Sov. Phys. Dokl. 24 872 (1979)]
  49. Sharaf Sh G, Budnikova N A Bull. ITA 11 (4) 231 (1967)
  50. Sharaf Sh G, Budnikova N A Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 182 (2) 291 (1968)
  51. Sharaf Sh G, Budnikova N A Bull. ITA 14 48 (1969)
  52. Bretagnon P Astron. Astrophys. 30 141 (1974)
  53. Berger A Celes. Mech. 15 (1, 1977)
  54. Woldstedt P Das Eiszeitalter Stuttgart 1 (1954)
  55. Murray B, Malin M Science 179 997 (1973)
  56. Murray B, Ward W, Young S Science 180 638 (1973)
  57. Ward W Science 181 260 (1973)
  58. Ward W J. Geophys. Res. 79 3375 (1974)
  59. Sharaf Sh G, Budnikova N A Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 221 (1) 64 (1975) [Sov. Phys. Dokl. 20 155 (1975)]
  60. Sharaf Sh G, Budnikova N A Trudy ITA 16 (1977)
  61. Golitsyn G S Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 190 (2) 326 (1970)
  62. Golitsyn G S Icarus 13 (1) 1 (1970)
  63. Golitsyn G S Fiz. Atm. Okeana 7 (9) 974 (1971)
  64. Golitsyn G S Vvedenie v Dinamiku Planetnykh Atmosfer (Introduction to the Dynamics of Planetary Atmospheres, Leningrad: Gidrometizdat, 1973)
  65. Zilitinkevich S S, Monin A S Fiz. Atm. Okeana 9 (8) 871 (1973)
  66. Zilitinkevich S S, Monin A S Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 226 (6) 1311 (1976)
  67. Zilitinkevich S S, Monin A S Global’noe Vzaimodeîstvie Atmosfery i Okeana (Global Interaction between Atmosphere and Ocean, Leningrad: Gidrometizdat, 1977) p. 23
  68. Monin A S, Zilitinkevich S S J. Atm. Sci. 34 1214 (1977)
  69. Kuznetsov E S Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Geogr. Geofiz. 5 (1943)
  70. Kuznetsov E S Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Geogr. Geofiz. 4 (1954)
  71. Kondrat’ev K Ya Luchistaya Energiya Solntsa (Radiant Energy of the Sun, Leningrad: Gidrometizdat, 1954)
  72. Kondratyev K Ya Radiation in the Atmosphere (New York: Academic Press, 1969)
  73. Kondratyev K Ya Radiation Processes in the Atmosphere. WMO Monograph 39 (1972)
  74. Sobolev V V Rasseyanie Sveta v Atmosferakh Planet (Light Scattering in Planetary Atmospheres, Moscow: Nauka, 1972) [Translated into English (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1975)]
  75. Grutzen P J Can. J. Chem. 52 1569 (1974)
  76. Stolarski R S, Cicerone R J Can. J. Chem. 52 1582 (1974)
  77. Nicolet M Can. J. Chem. 52 1381 (1974)
  78. McConnell J C Can. J. Chem. 52 1625 (1974)
  79. Golitsyn G S, Ginsburg A S Tellus 378 173 (1985)
  80. Bolle H J, in Handb. of Environ. Chem. Vol. 1 (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1982) p. 131
  81. Kondrat’ev K Ya, Moskalenko N I Teplovoe Izluchenie Planet (Thermal Radiation of Planets, Leningrad: Gidrometizdat, 1977)
  82. Goody R M Atmospheric Radiation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1964)
  83. Manabe S, Strickler R J. Atm. Sci. 21 (4) 361 (1964)
  84. Manabe S, Wetherald R T J. Atm. Sci. 24 (2) 211 (1969); 32 (1) 3 (1975); 37 (1) 99 (1980)
  85. Zuev V E et al. Opt. Spektrosk. 25 (1) 36 (1968)
  86. Zuev V E Rasprostranenie Vidimykh i Infrakrasnykh Voln v Atmosfere (Propagation of Visible and Infrared Radiation in the Atmosphere, Moscow: Sovetskoe Radio, 1970) [Translated into English (New York: Wiley, 1974)]
  87. Wong W S, Yung J L, Lacis A A et al. Science 194 685 (1976)
  88. Ramanathan V, Coakley J A Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 6 465 (1978)
  89. Ramanathan V, Lian M S, Cess R D J. Geophys. Res. 84 4949 (1979)
  90. Ramanathan V, Cicerone R S, Singh H B, Kiehl J T J. Geophys. Res. D 90 5547 (1985)
  91. Ginzburg A S Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Fiz. Atm. Okeana 18 (12) 1262 (1982)
  92. Feîgel’son E M Luchistyî Teploobmen i Oblaka (Radiative Heat Exchange and Clouds, Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1970) [Translated into English: Radiant Heat Transfer in a Cloudy Atmosphere (Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 1973)]
  93. Ginzburg A S, Feîgel’son E M Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Fiz. Atm. Okeana 7 (4) 377 (1971)
  94. Monin A S Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Geofiz. 4 761 (1952)
  95. Deirmendjian D Electromagnetic Scattering on Spherical Polydispersions (New York: Wiley, 1969) [Translated into Russian (Moscow: Mir, 1971)]
  96. Goody R M Atmospheric Radiation (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1964)
  97. Kondrat’ev K Ya (Ed.) Vliyanie Aerozolya na Perenos Izlucheniya: Vozmozhnye Klimaticheskie Posledstviya (Aerosol Effects on Radiation Transfer: Possible Climatic Consequences, Leningrad: Izd. LGU, 1973)
  98. Kondrat’ev K Ya, Moskalenko N I, Pozdnyakov A N Atmosfernyî Aerozol’ (Atmospheric Aerosol, Leningrad: Izd. LGU, 1983)
  99. Kondrat’ev K Ya Itogi Nauki i Tekhniki Ser. Meteorol., Klimatol. 10 (1983)
  100. Charlson R J, Wigley T M L Sci. Am. 270 (2) 48 (1994)
  101. Simkin T et al. Volcanoes of the World, Smithsonian Inst. (1981, suppl. 1985)
  102. Simkin T et al. Global Volcanism 1975 - 1985 (Washington: Amer. Geophys. Union, 1989)
  103. Newhall C G, Self S J. Geophys. Res. 87 1231 (1982)
  104. Handler P, O’Neill B J. Geophys. Res. 92 14621 (1987)
  105. Lenoble J et al. J. Atm. Sci. 39 2565 (1982)
  106. Deschamps P J et al. Adv. Space Res. 2 (5) 171 (1985)
  107. Khmelevtsov S S (Ed.) Vulkany, Stratosfernyî Aerosol’ i Klimat Zemli (Volcanoes, Stratospheric Aerosol, and Climate of the Earth, Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1986)
  108. Roser J M, Hoffman D J Appl. Opt. 25 (3) 410 (1996)
  109. Monin A S, Shishkov Yu A Nauki o Zemle Vyp. 6 (Earth Sciences, Moscow: Znanie, 1991)
  110. Monin A S Ekologiya dlya Vsekh (Ecology for Everyone, Moscow-Perm’, 1995)
  111. Snytin S Yu, Klimenko V V, Fedorov M V Dokl. Ross. Akad. Nauk 336 (4) 476 (1994) [Phys. Dokl. 39 457 (1994)]
  112. Kondrat’ev K Ya Itogi Nauki i Tekhniki. Ser. Meteorol., Klimatol. 14 (1985)
  113. Angell J K, Korshover J Month. Weather Rev. 112 1457 (1984); J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. 24 937 (1985)
  114. Schönwiese C D Atmosfera 1 141 (1988)
  115. Gifford F A Month. Weather Rev. 92 (18) 135 (1964)
  116. Glasstone S The Book of Mars. NASA Publ. (1968)
  117. Golitsyn G S Icarus 18 (2) 113 (1973)
  118. Gierasch P, Goody R Planet. Space Sci. 16 615 (1968)
  119. Leovy C B, Mintz Y J. Atm. Sci. 26 1167 (1969)
  120. Sagan C, Pollack J B Nature (London) 223 791 (1969)
  121. Sagan C, Veverka J, Gierasch P Icarus 15 (2) 253 (1971)
  122. Gierasch P, Goody R J. Atm. Sci. 29 (2) 400 (1972)
  123. Caper C F, Martin L J Sky a. Telescope 49 (5) 276 (1972)
  124. Leovy C B et al. Icarus 17 (2) 373 (1972)
  125. Morozhenko A V Astronom. Tsirkulyar 683 1 (1972)
  126. Steinbacher R H et al. Science 175 (21) 293 (1972)
  127. Hess S L Planet. Space Sci. 21 (1973)
  128. Kondrat’ev K Ya, Bunakova A M Meteorologiya Marsa (Meteorology of the Mars, Leningrad, 1973)
  129. Kondrat’ev K Ya et al. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 211 (4) 801 (1973)
  130. Gierasch P Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 12 730 (1974)
  131. Pollack J B et al. J. Geophys. Res. 84 2929 (1979)
  132. Ryan J A, Henry R M J. Geophys. Res. 84 2821 (1979)
  133. Zurek R W Icarus 50 288 (1982)
  134. Crutzen P J, Birks J W Ambio 11 115 (1982)
  135. Obukhov A M, Golitsyn G S Zemlya i Vselennaya (6) 5 (1983)
  136. Golitsyn G S Vestn. Akad. Nauk SSSR 9 57 (1983)
  137. Golitsyn G S, Ginzburg A S, Preprint IFA AN SSSR (Moscow: IFA Publ., 1983)
  138. Obukhov A M, Golitsyn G S, in Mir i Razoruzhenie (Peace and Disarmament, Ed. P N Fedoseev, Moscow: Nauka, 1984)
  139. Golitsyn G S Priroda (6) 22 (1985)
  140. Budyko M I, Golitsyn G S, Izrael’ Yu A Global’nye Klimaticheskie Katastrofy (Global Climatic Catastrophes, Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1985) [Translated into English (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988)]
  141. Ginsburg A S, Golitsyn G S, Vasiliev A A SIPRI Year Book 107 (1985)
  142. Golitsyn G S, Phillips N A Rep. WMO (Geneva, 1985); World Climate Pap. 113 17 (1986)
  143. Golitsyn G S, Ginzburg A S, in Klimaticheskie i Biologicheskie Posledstviya Atomnoî Voîny (Climatic and Biological Effect of Nuclear War, Moscow, 1986) p. 100
  144. Turco R P, Golitsyn G S Environment 30 (5) 8 (1988)
  145. Aleksandrov V V et al. Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Fiz. Atm. Okeana 19 451 (1983)
  146. Alexandrov V V, Stenchikov G L Proc. Appl. Math. Comput. Center AS USSR (1983)
  147. Aleksandrov V V, Stenchikov G L Zh. Vychisl. Mat. Mat. Fiz. 14 140 (1984)
  148. Thompson S L et al. Ambio 13 236 (1984)
  149. Moiseev N N, Aleksandrov V V, Tarko A M Chelovek i Biosfera (Man and Biosphere, Moscow: Nauka, 1985)
  150. Stenchikov G L Soobshch. Prikl. Mat. VTs Akad. Nauk SSSR (1985)
  151. Aleksandrov V V, Stenchikov G L Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 282 (6) 1324 (1985)
  152. Stenchikov G L Proc. Appl. Math. Comput. Center AS USSR (1985)
  153. Stenchikov G L, Carl P Preprint AS GDR (1985)
  154. Stenchikov G L Priroda (6) 39 (1985)
  155. Svirezhev Yu M Priroda (6, 1985)
  156. Stenchikov G L, in Klimaticheskie i Biologicheskie Posledstviya Atomnoî Voîny (Climatic and Biological Effect of Nuclear War, Moscow, 1986) p. 66
  157. Izrael’ Yu A Meteorologiya Gidrologiya (10) 5 (1983)
  158. Izrael’ Yu A, Petrov V N, Severov D A Meteorologiya Gidrologiya (9) 5 (1983)
  159. Izrael’ Yu A Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 281 (4) 821 (1985)
  160. Izrael’ Yu A, in Klimaticheskie i Biologicheskie Posledstviya Atomnoî Voîny (Climatic and Biological Effect of Nuclear War, Moscow, 1986) p. 46
  161. Kondrat’ev K Ya, Baîbakov S N, Nikol’skiî G A Nauka v SSSR (2) 2; (3) 3 (1985)
  162. Turko R P et al. Science 222 1282 (1983)
  163. Covey C, Schneider S H, Thompson S L Nature (London) 308 21 (1984)
  164. Crutzen P J, Galbally L E, Brühl C Clim. Change 6 323 (1984)
  165. Schneider S H, in Britannica Book (1985) p. 27
  166. Cattor W R Am. Scientist 73 275 (1985)
  167. SCOPE 28 Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War (Chichester: J Wiley & Sons, 1985) Vols 1, 2
  168. Dotto L Planet Earth in Jeopardy (New York: J Wiley & Sons, 1986)
  169. Alvarez E W et al. Science 208 (4448) 613 (1980)
  170. Monin A S Istoriya Zemli (History of the Earth, Leningrad: Nauka, 1977)
© 1918–2024 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions