RSS feeds
РусскийEnglish
Issue 12, 2024
Volume year page
Issues Authors PACS Subscription For authors

Issues

 / 

1998

 / 

January

←  →

Reviews of topical problems


Effects of the nanocrystalline state in solids


Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Pervomayskaya 91, Ekaterinburg, 620219, Russian Federation

Recent results on the effect of the nanocrystalline state on the mechanical, thermal, and magnetic properties and microscopic structure of metals and solid-phase compounds are reviewed. Basic methods for preparing compact nanocrystalline materials are briefly discussed. Size effects in such materials are discussed in detail and the importance of interfaces in determining the structure and properties of compact nanomaterials is demonstrated. Models explaining the structural features and anomalous properties of nanocrystalline solids are analyzed.

Fulltext pdf (578 KB)
Fulltext is also available at DOI: 10.1070/PU1998v041n01ABEH000329
PACS: 61.46.+w, 85.42.+m
DOI: 10.1070/PU1998v041n01ABEH000329
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/1998/1/c/
000072428700003
Citation: Gusev A I "Effects of the nanocrystalline state in solids" Phys. Usp. 41 49–76 (1998)
BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)MedlineRefWorks

Оригинал: Гусев А И «Эффекты нанокристаллического состояния в компактных металлах и соединениях» УФН 168 55–83 (1998); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0168.199801c.0055

References (234) ↓ Cited by (172) Similar articles (20)

  1. Gleiter H Nanostruct. Mater. 1 (1) 1 (1992)
  2. Birringer R, Gleiter H, in Encyclopedia of Material Science and Engineering Suppl. Vol. 1 (Ed. R W Cahn, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1988) p. 339
  3. Siegel R W Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci. 21 559 (1991)
  4. Siegel R W Nanostruct. Mater. 3 (1-6) 1 (1993)
  5. Schaefer H-E, in Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of Materials Having Ultrafine Microstructure (Ed. M A Nastasi, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press, 1993) p. 81
  6. Siegel R W J. Phys. Chem. Solids 55 (10) 1097 (1994)
  7. Morokhov I D, Trusov L I, Chizhik S P Ul’tradispersnye Metallicheskie Sredy (Ultradisperse Metallic Media, Moscow: Atomizdat, 1977)
  8. Morokhov I D et al. Usp. Fiz. Nauk 133 (4) 653 (1981) [Sov. Phys. Usp. 24 (4) 295 (1981)]
  9. Morokhov I D, Trusov L I, Lapovok V N Fizicheskie Yavleniya v Ul’tradispersnykh Sredakh (Physical Phenomena in Ultradisperse Media, Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1984)
  10. Petrov Yu I Fizika Malykh Chastits (The Physics of Small Particles, Moscow: Nauka, 1982)
  11. Petrov Yu I Klastery i Malye Chastitsy (Clusters and Small Particles, Moscow: Nauka, 1986)
  12. Larikov L N Metallofizika 14 (7) 3 (1992)
  13. Larikov L N Metallofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol. 17 (1) 3 (1995); 17 (9) 56 (1995)
  14. Andrievskii R A Usp. Khim. 63 (5) 431 (1994)
  15. Gen M Ya, Petrov Yu I Usp. Khim. 38 (12) 2249 (1969)
  16. Smirnov B M Usp. Fiz. Nauk 162 (1) 119 (1992) [Sov. Phys. Usp. 35 (1) 37 (1992)]
  17. Nepiiko S A Fizicheskie Svoistva Malykh Metallicheskikh Chastits (Physical Properties of Small Metallic Particles, Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1985)
  18. Bohren C, Huffman D Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles (New York: Wiley, 1983)
  19. Perenboom J, Wyder P, Meier F Phys. Rep. 78 (2) 173 (1981)
  20. Halperin W Rev. Mod. Phys. 58 (3) 533 (1986)
  21. Nagaev E L Usp. Fiz. Nauk 162 (9) 47 (1992) [Sov. Phys. Usp. 35 (9) 747 (1992)]
  22. Gleiter H, in Deformation of Polycrystals: Mechanisms and Microstructures (Eds N Hansen et al., Roskilde: Risö Nat. Laboratory, 1981) p. 15
  23. Gleiter H, Marquardt P Z. Metallkd. 75 (4) 263 (1984)
  24. Birringer R, Herr U, Gleiter H Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met. Suppl. 27 43 (1986)
  25. Siegel R W, Hahn H, in Current Trends in Physics of Materials (Ed M Yussouff, Singapore: World Scientific, 1987) p. 403
  26. Gleiter H Prog. Mater. Sci. 33 (4) 233 (1989)
  27. Andrievskii R A Poroshkovaya Materialovedenie (Powder Materials Science, Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1991)
  28. Matthews M D, Pechenik A J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 74 (7) 1547 (1991)
  29. Chen D-J, Maya M J Nanostruct. Mater. 2 (3) 469 (1992)
  30. Andrievski R A et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (1-4) 353 (1995)
  31. Rabe T, Wäsche R Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (1-4) 357 (1995)
  32. Kear B H, Strutt P R Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (1-4) 227 (1995)
  33. McCandlish L E, Kear B H, Kim B K Nanostruct. Mater. 1 (1) 119 (1992)
  34. Wu L et al., in Proc. of the 13th Intern. Plansee Seminar (Eds H Bildstein and R Eck, Reutte: Metallwerk Plansee, 1993) Vol. 3, p. 667
  35. Fang Z, Eason J W, in Proc. of the 13th Intern. Plansee Seminar (Eds H Bildstein and R Eck, Reutte: Metallwerk Plansee, 1993) Vol. 3, p. 625
  36. Seegopaul P, McCandlish L E, Shinneman F M Int. J. Refr. Met. Hard Mater. 15 (1-3) 133 (1997)
  37. Ivanov V V et al. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 275 (4) 873 (1984) [Sov. Phys. Dokl. 29 (4) 331 (1984)]
  38. Ivanov V V et al. Sverkhprovodimost’: Fiz. Khim. Tekhnol. 5 (6) 1112 (1992) [Superconductivity 5 (6) 1108 (1992)]
  39. Ivanov V V et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (1-4) 287 (1995)
  40. Ivanov V V, Vikhrev A N, Nozdrin A A Fiz. Khim. Obrab. Mater. (3) 67 (1997)
  41. Andrievskii R A et al. Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 81 (1) 137 (1996) [Phys. Met. Metallogr. 81 (1) 92 (1996)]
  42. Hoefler H J, Hahn H, Averback R S Defect and Diffusion Forum 75 (1) 99 (1991)
  43. Okada S et al. J. Alloys Comp. 211/212 494 (1994)
  44. Bykovskii Yu A et al. Poverkhnost’ (12) 69 (1992)
  45. Dudko D A et al. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 285 (1) 106 (1985) [Sov. Phys. Dokl. 30 (11) 973 (1985)]
  46. Barg A E et al. Metallofizika 9 (4) 118 (1987)
  47. Andrievskiî R A Usp. Khim. 66 (1) 57 (1997)
  48. Van Swygenhoven H et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (5-8) 739 (1995)
  49. Hotchandani S, Kamat P V J. Phys. Chem. 96 (16) 6834 (1992)
  50. Bedjia I, Hotchandani S, Kamat P V J. Phys. Chem. 97 (42) 11064 (1993); 98 (15) 4133 (1994)
  51. O’Regan B, Grätzel M, Fitzmaurice D Chem. Phys. Letters 183 (1) 89 (1991)
  52. Yoshiki H K, Fujishima A J. Electrochem. Soc. 142 (2) 428 (1995)
  53. Kavan L et al. J. Phys. Chem. 97 (37) 9493 (1993)
  54. Yamada K et al. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 100 (1-3) 316 (1988)
  55. Lu K, Wang J T, Wei W D Scr. Metall. Mater. 25 (3) 619 (1991)
  56. Cheng T Nanostruct. Mater. 2 (1) 19 (1992)
  57. Hoffmann H Thin Solid Films 58 223 (1979)
  58. Yoshizawa Y, Oguma S, Yamauchi K J. Appl. Phys. 64 (10, part 2) 6044 (1988)
  59. Noskova N I et al. Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 73 (2) 102 (1992) [Phys. Met. Metallogr. 73 (2) 181 (1992)]
  60. Noskova N I et al. Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 76 (5) 171 (1993) [Phys. Met. Metallogr. 76 (5) 535 (1993)]
  61. Inoue A et al. Mater. Trans. Japan. Inst. Met. 35 85 (1994)
  62. Smirnova N A et al. Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 62 (3) 566 (1986)
  63. Valiev R Z et al. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 301 (4) 864 (1988) [Sov. Phys. Dokl. 33 (8) 626 (1988)]
  64. Valiev R Z, Krasilnikov N A, Tsenev N K Mater. Sci. Eng. A 137 35 (1991)
  65. Valiev R Z, Korznikov A V, Mulyukov R R Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 73 (4) 70 (1992) [Phys. Met. Metallogr. 73 (4) 373 (1992)]
  66. Valiev R Z, Korznikov A V, Mulyukov R R Mater. Sci. Eng. A 168 141 (1993)
  67. Akhmadeev N A et al. Metally (5) 96 (1992)
  68. Rempel’ A A et al. Dokl. Ross. Akad. Nauk 347 (6) 750 (1996) [Phys. Dokl. 41 (4) 152 (1996)]
  69. Cziraki A et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (5-8) 547 (1995)
  70. Rempel’ A A et al. Metallofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol. 18 (7) 14 (1996)
  71. Rempel A A, Gusev A I Phys. Status Solidi B 196 (1) 251 (1996)
  72. Rempel A A et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 7 (6) 667 (1996)
  73. Rempel’ A A et al. Dokl. Ross. Akad. Nauk 345 (3) 330 (1995) [Phys. Dokl. 40 (11) 570 (1995)]
  74. Valiev R Z et al. Metallofizika 12 (5) 124 (1990)
  75. Valiev R Z, Mulyukov R R, Ovchinnikov V V Philos. Mag. Lett. 62 (4) 253 (1990)
  76. Valiev R Z et al. Scr. Metall. Mater. 25 (12) 2717 (1991)
  77. Valiev R Z et al. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 15 (1) 78 (1989) [Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett. 15 (1) 33 (1989)]
  78. Valiev R Z et al. Phys. Status Solidi A 117 (2) 549 (1990)
  79. Mulyukov Kh Ya et al. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 89 (1) 207 (1990)
  80. Mulyukov Kh Ya, Korznikova G F, Valiev R Z Phys. Status Solidi A 125 (2) 609 (1991)
  81. Abdulov R Z, Valiev R Z, Krasilnikov N A Mater. Sci. Lett. 9 (12) 1445 (1990)
  82. Galeev R M, Valiakhmetov O R, Salishchev G A Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Met. (4) 97 (1990)
  83. Valiakhmetov O R, Galeev R M, Salishchev G A Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 70 (10) 204 (1990)
  84. Rempel’ A A, Gusev A I, Mulyukov R R, in Solid-State Chemistry and New Materials Vol. 2 (Ekaterinburg: Institute of Solid-State Chemistry, Ural Divisions, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1996) Vol. 1, p. 244
  85. Rempel’ A A, Gusev A I, Mulyukov R R, in Ul’tradispersnye Poroshki, Materialy i Nanostructury (Ultradisperse Powders, Materials, and Nanostructures, Ed. V E Red’kin, Krasnoyarsk: Krasnoyarsk State Technical University, 1996) p. 131
  86. Gleiter H Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (1-4) 3 (1995)
  87. Gleiter H, in Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of Materials Having Ultrafine Microstructure (Ed. M A Nastasi, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press, 1993) p. 3
  88. Wunderlich W, Ishida Y, Maurer R Scr. Metall. 24 (2) 403 (1990)
  89. Thomas G J, Siegel R W, Eastmen J A Scr. Metall. 24 (1) 201 (1990)
  90. Mütschele T, Kirchheim R Scr. Metall. 21 (2) 135 (1987)
  91. Schaefer H -E et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 1 (6) 523 (1992)
  92. Zhu X et al. Phys. Rev. B 35 (17) 9085 (1987)
  93. Fitzsimmons M et al. Phys. Rev. B 44 (6) 2452 (1991)
  94. Eastmen J A et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 1 (1) 47 (1992)
  95. Löffler J, Weissmüller J, Gleiter H Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (5-8) 567 (1995)
  96. Weissmüller J, Löffler J, Kleber M Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (1-4) 105 (1995)
  97. Haubold T et al. Phys. Lett. A 135 (8-9) 461 (1989)
  98. Ishida Y et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (1-4) 115 (1995)
  99. Schlorke N et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (5-8) 593 (1995)
  100. Babanov Yu A et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (5-8) 601 (1995)
  101. Jorra E et al. Philos. Mag. B 60 (2) 159 (1989)
  102. Sanders P et al. Scr. Metall. Mater. 29 (1) 91 (1993)
  103. Würschum R, Greiner W, Schaefer H-E Nanostruct. Mater. 2 (1) 55 (1993)
  104. Lapovok V N et al. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (Leningrad) 25 (6) 1846 (1983) [Sov. Phys. Solid State 25 (6) 1063 (1983)]
  105. Schaefer H-E et al. Phys. Rev. B 38 (14) 9545 (1988)
  106. Schaefer H-E et al., in Positron Annihilation (Eds L Dorikens-Vanpraet, M Dorikens, D Segers, Singapore: World Scientific Publ. Comp., 1989) p.79
  107. Würschum R, Scheytt M, Schaefer H -E Phys. Status Solidi A 102 (1) 119 (1987)
  108. Schaefer H-E Phys. Status Solidi A 102 (1) 47 (1987)
  109. Schaefer H-E et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (5-8) 869 (1995)
  110. Würschum R Mater. Sci. Forum 105-110 1337 (1992)
  111. Würschum R et al. Scr. Metall. Mater. 25 (11) 2451 (1991)
  112. Puska M J, Nieminen R M J. Phys. F: Met. Phys. 13 (2) 333 (1983)
  113. Dlubek G et al. J. Phys. F: Met. Phys. 9 (10) 1961 (1979)
  114. Alekseeva O K et al. Phys. Status Solidi B 95 (2) K135 (1979)
  115. Würschum R et al. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 1 Suppl. A, SA33 (1989)
  116. Puska M J, Corbell C Phys. Rev. B 38 (14) 9874 (1988)
  117. Schaefer H-E, Forster M Mater. Sci. Eng. A 109 161 (1989)
  118. Nazarov A A, Romanov A E, Valiev R Z Acta Metall. Mater. 41 (4) 1033 (1993)
  119. Nazarov A A, Romanov A E, Valiev R Z Nanostruct. Mater. 4 (1) 94 (1994)
  120. Gertsman V Yu et al. Scr. Metall. Mater. 30 (2) 229 (1993)
  121. Valiev R Z Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (1-4) 73 (1995)
  122. Nazarov A A, Romanov A E, Valiev R Z Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (5-8) 775 (1995)
  123. Gutkin M Yu, Ovid’ko I A, Mikaelyan K N Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (5-8) 779 (1995)
  124. Gutkin M Yu, Mikaelyan K N, Ovid’ko I A Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 37 (2) 552 (1995) [Phys. Solid State 37 (2) 300 (1995)]
  125. Rybin V V, Zisman A A, Zolotarevsky N Yu Acta Metal. Mater. 41 (9) 2211 (1993)
  126. Musalimov R Sh, Valiev R Z Scripta Metall. Mater. 27 (12) 1685 (1992)
  127. Gusev A I, Rempel’ A A Strukturnye Fazovye Perekhody v Nestekhiometrticheskikh Soedineniyakh (Structural Phase Transitions in Nonstoichiometric Compounds, Moscow: Nauka, 1988)
  128. Bologh J et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 2 (1) 11 (1993)
  129. Eastmen J A, Fitzsimmons M, Thompson L J Philos. Mag. B 66 (5) 667 (1992)
  130. Qin X Y, Wu X J, Cheng L F Nanostruct. Mater. 2 (1) 99 (1993)
  131. Sui M L, Lu K Mater. Sci. Eng. A 179-180 541 (1994)
  132. Lu K, Sui M J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 9 (6) 419 (1993)
  133. Zhang H Y, Lu K, Hu Z Q Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (1-4) 489 (1995)
  134. Cimino A, Porba P, Valigi M J. Am. Chem. Soc. 409 (1) 152 (1966)
  135. Hellstern E et al. J. Appl. Phys. 65 (1) 305 (1989)
  136. Neiman G W, Weertman J R, Siegel R W J. Mater. Res. 6 (5) 1012 (1991)
  137. Aleksandrov I V, Valiev R Z Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 77 (6) 77 (1994) [Phys. Met. Metallogr. 77 (6) 623 (1994)]
  138. Alexandrov I V, Valiev R Z Philos. Mag. B 73 (6) 861 (1996)
  139. Alexandrov I V, Valiev R Z Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (5-8) 763 (1995)
  140. Zhang K et al. J. Appl. Phys. 80 (10) 5617 (1996)
  141. Valiev R Z et al. Mater. Sci. Forum 235-238 497 (1997)
  142. Hall E O Proc. Phys. Soc. B (London) 64 part 9 (381B) 747 (1951)
  143. Petch N J J. Iron Steel Inst. 174 (1) 25 (1953)
  144. Tabor D The Hardness of Metals (London: Oxford University Press, 1951)
  145. Coble R L J. Appl. Phys. 34 (6) 1679 (1963)
  146. Chokshi A H et al. Scr. Metall. 23 (10) 1679 (1989)
  147. Lu K, Wei W D, Wang J T Scr. Metall. 24 (12) 2319 (1990)
  148. Christman T, Jain M Scr. Metall. Mater. 25 (4) 767 (1991)
  149. Chang H et al. Scr. Metall. Mater. 25 (5) 1161 (1991)
  150. Kim K, Okazaki K Mater. Sci. Forum 88-90 553 (1992)
  151. Jang J S C, Koch C C Scr. Metall. 24 (8) 1599 (1990); 24 (10) 2023 (1990)
  152. Ganapathi S K et al. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 206 597 (1991)
  153. Hughes D et al. Scr. Metall. 20 (1) 93 (1986)
  154. Fougere G E, Weertman J R, Siegel R W Nanostruct. Mater. 3 (3) 379 (1993)
  155. Siegel R W, Fougere G E Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (1-4) 205 (1995)
  156. Hahn H, Padmanabhan K A Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (1-4) 191 (1995)
  157. Valiev R Z et al. Scr. Metall. Mater. 27 (7) 855 (1992)
  158. Kizuka T et al. Philos. Mag. A 69 (3) 551 (1994)
  159. He L, Ma E Nanostruct. Mater. 7 (3) 327 (1996)
  160. Haubold T, Gertsman V Nanostruct. Mater. 1 (4) 303 (1992)
  161. Holtz R L, Provenzano V Nanostruct. Mater. 4 (3) 241 (1994)
  162. Akhmadeev N A et al. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (Leningrad) 34 (10) 3155 (1992) [Sov. Phys. Solid State 34 (10) 1687 (1992)]
  163. Korn D et al. J. Phys. Coll. C5 49 Suppl. (5) C5-769 (1988)
  164. Lebedev A B et al. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 38 (6) 1775 (1996) [Phys. Solid State 38 (6) 978 (1996)]
  165. Mulyukov R R et al. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 171 143 (1993)
  166. Akhmadeev N A et al. Acta Metall. Mater. 41 (4) 1041 (1993)
  167. Mulyukov R R et al. Metallofizika 15 (1) 50 (1993)
  168. Mulyukov R R et al. Mater. Sci. Forum 170-172 159 (1994)
  169. Mulyukov R R et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (5-8) 577 (1995)
  170. Mulyukov R R et al. Mater. Res. Bull. 31 (6) 639 (1996)
  171. Mulyukov R R et al. Mater. Sci. Forum 225-227 787 (1996)
  172. Pearson C E J. Inst. Metals 54 (1) 111 (1934)
  173. Wakai F, Sakagushi S, Matsuno Y Adv. Ceram. Mater. 1 (3) 259 (1986)
  174. Wakai F et al. Nature (London) 344 (6265) 421 (1990)
  175. Sherby O D, Ruano O A, in Superplastic Forming of Structural Alloys (Eds N E Paton, C H Hamilton, New York: The Metall. Soc. of AIME, 1982) p. 241
  176. Wang J -G, Raj R J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 67 (6) 385 (1984)
  177. Karch J, Birringer R, Gleiter H Nature (London) 330 (6148) 556 (1987)
  178. Rupp J, Birringer R Phys. Rev. B 36 (15) 7888 (1987)
  179. Tschöpe A, Birringer R Philos. Mag. B 68 (2) 223 (1993)
  180. Stuhr U et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (5-8) 555 (1995)
  181. Eastmen J A, Thompson L J, Kestel B J Phys. Rev. B 48 (1) 84 (1993)
  182. Goll G, Löhneyen H Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (5-8) 559 (1995)
  183. Trampenau J et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (5-8) 551 (1995)
  184. Wang J et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (5-8) 747 (1995)
  185. Pirc R, Holz A Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (5-8) 755 (1995)
  186. Zhu X, PhD Thesis (Saarbrücken, Germany: University of Saarbrücken, 1986)
  187. Klam H J, Hahn H, Gleiter H Acta Metall. 35 (8) 2101 (1987)
  188. Sui M L, Lu K Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (5-8) 651 (1995)
  189. Gärtner F et al. Scr. Mater. 35 (7) 805 (1996)
  190. Tschöpe A, Birringer R, Gleiter H J. Appl. Phys. 71 (9) 5391 (1992)
  191. Kai H Y, PhD Thesis (Amsterdam: Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1993)
  192. Frolov G I et al. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 38 (4) 1208 (1996) [Phys. Solid State 38 (4) 668 (1996)]
  193. Islamgaliev R K et al. Metallofizika 12 (2) 317 (1990)
  194. Islamgaliev R K et al. Phys. Status Solidi A 118 (1) K27 (1990)
  195. Pekala K, Pekala M Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (5-8) 819 (1995)
  196. Mulyukov R R, Doctoral (Phys.-Math.) Dissertation (Moscow: Moscow State Technical University - Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys, 1997)
  197. Liu K L et al. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 12 (1) 43 (1979)
  198. Mueller F M et al. Phys. Rev. B 1 (12) 4617 (1970)
  199. Kriessman C J, Callen H B Phys. Rev. 94 (4) 837 (1954)
  200. Weiss W D, Kohlhaas R Z. Angew. Phys. 23 (3) 175 (1967)
  201. Physical Metallurgy (Ed. R W Cahn, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1965)
  202. Wurschum R et al. Ann. Chim. Sci. Mater. 21 (5) 471 (1996)
  203. Garber M, Henry W G, Hoeve H G Can. J. Phys. 38 (12) 1595 (1960)
  204. Tammann G, Oelsen W Z. Anorg. Chem. 186 257 (1930)
  205. Bitter F et al. Phys. Rev. 60 (2) 134 (1941)
  206. Vonsovskiî S V Magnetism Vol. 2 (New York: Wiley, 1971)
  207. Kittel C Introduction to Solid State Physics (New York: Wiley, 1956)
  208. Kisker H et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (5-8) 925 (1995)
  209. Kronmüller H Phys. Status Solidi B 144 (1) 385 (1987)
  210. Korolev A V et al. Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 68 (4) 672 (1989)
  211. Hahn A Ann. Phys. 11 (7-8) 277 (1963)
  212. Korolev A V et al. Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 70 (11) 98 (1990)
  213. Hirscher M et al. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 146 (1) 117 (1995)
  214. Yamauchi K, Yoshizawa Y Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (1-4) 247 (1995)
  215. Zhalnin B V et al. Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 79 (5) 94 (1995) [Phys. Met. Metallogr. 79 (5) 536 (1995)]
  216. Wang N, Zhu F, Haasen P Philos. Mag. Lett. 64 (3) 157 (1991)
  217. Noskova N I et al. Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 74 (1) 80 (1992) [Phys. Met. Metallogr. 74 (1) 52 (1992)]
  218. Glazer A A, et al. Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 74 (2) 96 (1992) [Phys. Met. Metallogr. 74 (2) 163 (1992)]
  219. Hono K et al. Acta Metall. Mater. 40 (9) 2137 (1992)
  220. Sosnin V V et al. Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 78 (2) 140 (1994) [Phys. Met. Metallogr. 78 (2) 218 (1994)]
  221. Noskova N I et al. Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 76 (5) 171 (1993) [Phys. Met. Metallogr. 76 (5) 535 (1993)]
  222. Baricco M et al. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 179-180 572 (1994)
  223. Clavaguera N et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (1-4) 453 (1995)
  224. Conde C F, Conde A Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (1-4) 457 (1995)
  225. Surinach S et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (1-4) 461 (1995)
  226. Graf T et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (1-4) 469 (1995)
  227. Noskova N I. Ponomareva E G Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 82 (5) 163 (1996) [Phys. Met. Metallogr. 82 (5) 542 (1996)]
  228. Hasegawa N, Saito M J. Magn. Soc. Japan. 14 (2) 313 (1990)
  229. Taneko N et al. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 30 (2A) L195 (1991)
  230. Inoue A Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (1-4) 53 (1995)
  231. Noskova N I et al. Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 73 (2) 102 (1992) [Phys. Met. Metallogr. 73 (2) 181 (1992)]
  232. Glazer A A et al. Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 76 (2) 171 (1993) [Phys. Met. Metallogr. 76 (2) 222 (1993)]
  233. Noskova N I et al. Nanostruct. Mater. 6 (5-8) 969 (1995)
  234. Lyakishev N P Vestnik Ross. Akad. Nauk 67 (5) 403 (1997)
© 1918–2024 Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
Email: ufn@ufn.ru Editorial office contacts About the journal Terms and conditions