The physical bases and some features are presented of the different methods of time-resolved Raman spectroscopy, and also different variants of their realization. The concrete results of the studies are discussed with a large number of examples, including problems of the course of a number of photochemical and photophysical processes and of the structure of intermediate and final products formed under exposure to optical pumping or electron impact. The review also includes data, obtained by using the same spectroscopic methods, on the effect on matter of highpower dynamical loads. Special attention is paid to intrapulse stimulated Raman scattering, which reveals the behavior of the vibrational modes in real time. The further prospects of the development of the latter method and its possible sphere of new applications are analyzed.