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# Autosolitons

,  a
a Institute of Electrophysics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Amundsena 106, Ekaterinburg, 620016, Russian Federation

A phenomenon of nonlinear physics is studied in this review: the formation of characteristic, time-independent, solitary states--autosolitons (AS)--in different physical, chemical, and biological systems. The physics of As in some types of systems--systems with positive'' and negative'' thermal diffusion, uniformly generated combustion material'', and local self production of matter"is explained for the example of semiconductor and gas plasma, where AS consist of a region of carriers with high temperature and lew (or high) density. The conditions for the formation of As in the form of strongly nonequilibrium regions in systems departing slightly from thermodynamic equilibrium are discussed; examples of systems in which this phenomenon is realized are presented. The systems are classified with respect to the physics and types of AS formed in them. A theory describing AS from a unified viewpoint based on a mathematical analogy is described, and general results are presented, determining the basic parameters and properties of static, pulsating, and traveling AS that form in a wide class of the most diverse systems--chemical and biochemical reactions, nonequilibrium gases and superconductors, photoconductors and magnets, magnetic semiconductors, composite superconductors, active lightguiding transmission lines, and many other systems.

PACS: 05.45.Yv, 52.35.Sb (all)
DOI: 10.1070/PU1989v032n02ABEH002679
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/1989/2/a/
Citation: Kerner B S, Osipov V V "Autosolitons" Sov. Phys. Usp. 32 101–138 (1989)
 BibTexBibNote ® (generic)BibNote ® (RIS)Medline RefWorks RT Journal T1 Autosolitons A1 Kerner,B.S. A1 Osipov,V.V. PB Physics-Uspekhi PY 1989 FD 10 Feb, 1989 JF Physics-Uspekhi JO Phys. Usp. VO 32 IS 2 SP 101-138 DO 10.1070/PU1989v032n02ABEH002679 LK https://ufn.ru/en/articles/1989/2/a/

Îðèãèíàë: Êåðíåð Á Ñ, Îñèïîâ Â Â «Àâòîñîëèòîíû» ÓÔÍ 157 201–266 (1989); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0157.198902a.0201

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