Research on atom-molecule interactions by high-energy scattering (at energies $\sim$ 1 keV) through small angles (10$^{-4}$--10$^{-2}$ rad) is reviewed. The present state of experimental methods for this research is discussed. Theoretical aspects of research on potential-energy surfaces by means of high-energy scattering are analyzed. The results of recent research are summarized. In particular, there are discussions of research on elastic and inelastic scattering, a new effect (the vibrational rainbow) discovered in the scattering of atom-molecule systems, and measurements of the spectra of the total energy loss. Some possible directions for the further development of experiments are pointed out. Further experimental progress will require the assimilation of laser methods and position-sensitive particle detectors.