The current state of work in the field of radiation radiography and tomography using X-ray and neutron radiation is described. The methods are widely used in scientific research and industry due to the high penetrating power of radiation, the different mechanism of interaction with matter, the absence of sample destruction, and the spatial resolution sufficient for a wide range of problems. Radiation methods are widely used in the nuclear fuel cycle, in studying the operation of electrical elements and materials under various conditions, in flaw detection, in biology, and in other areas of science and technology.