Quantum cascade lasers for the 8-μm spectral range: technology, design, and analysis

V.V. Dudelev^†^a, E.D. Cherotchenko^a, I.I. Vrubel^a, D.A. Mikhailov^a, D.V. Chistyakov^a, V.Yu. Mylnikov^a, S.N. Losev^a, E.A. Kognovitskaya^a, A.V. Babichev^a, A.V. Lutetskiy^a, S.O. Slipchenko^a, N.A. Pikhtin^a, A.V. Abramov^a, A.G. Gladyshev^b, K.A. Podgaetskiy^c, A.Yu. Andreev^c, I.V. Yarotskaya^c, M.A. Ladugin^c, A.A. Marmalyuk^c, I.I. Novikov^b, d, V.I. Kuchinskii^a, L.Ya. Karachinsky^b, d, A.Yu. Egorov^b, e, G.S. Sokolovskii^a
^aIoffe Institute, ul. Polytekhnicheskaya 26, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation
^bConnector Optics LLC, Domostroitelnaya str., 16 lit B, St. Petersburg, 194292, Russian Federation
^cM.F. Stelmakh POLYUS Research and Development Institute, ul. Vvedenskogo 3, Moscow, 117342, Russian Federation
^dITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, bldg. A, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation
^eAlferov Saint Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Khlopina 8, korp. 3, lit. A, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation

Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) have received enormous attention from the scientific community due to their broad range of applications in a wide variety of industries, agriculture, healthcare, environmental protection, and many other scientific and technical fields. In this article, in addition to a review of the main applications and the state of research and development of high-power QCLs in the mid-infrared range, we consider the features of their manufacturing technology that make it possible to obtain a high peak power and discuss the effect of overheating of the active region on the output optical power and spectral characteristics. A comparison is made of the characteristics of QCLs with the same cavity parameters but with different active regions made on the basis of substrate-matched or strained heteropairs, which provides a different energy barrier between the upper laser level and the continuum. It is shown that the use of strained heteropairs in the active region of a QCL provides an almost twofold increase in the characteristic temperature T₀ as well as a significantly higher efficiency and an increase in the maximum output optical power to over 21 W, which is a world record for a single stripe QCL with a 8μm spectral range.

Keywords: quantum cascade laser, heterostructure, mid-infrared range, chirp, heat sink
PACS: 42.55.Px, 42.60.−v, 78.67.Pt (all)
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2023.05.039543
URL: https://ufn.ru/en/articles/2024/1/i/
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2024PhyU...67...92D
Citation: Dudelev V V, Cherotchenko E D, Vrubel I I, Mikhailov D A, Chistyakov D V, Mylnikov V Yu, Losev S N, Kognovitskaya E A, Babichev A V, Lutetskiy A V, Slipchenko S O, Pikhtin N A, Abramov A V, Gladyshev A G, Podgaetskiy K A, Andreev A Yu, Yarotskaya I V, Ladugin M A, Marmalyuk A A, Novikov I I, Kuchinskii V I, Karachinsky L Ya, Egorov A Yu, Sokolovskii G S "Quantum cascade lasers for the 8-μm spectral range: technology, design, and analysis" Phys. Usp. 67 92–98 (2024)

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Received: 3rd, September 2023, accepted: 22nd, May 2023

Оригинал: Дюделев B B, Черотченко Е Д, Врубель И И, Михайлов Д А, Чистяков Д В, Мыльников В Ю, Лосев С Н, Когновицкая Е А, Бабичев А В, Лютецкий А В, Слипченко С О, Пихтин Н А, Абрамов А В, Гладышев А Г, Подгаецкий К А, Андреев А Ю, Яроцкая И В, Ладугин М А, Мармалюк А А, Новиков И И, Кучинский В И, Карачинский Л Я, Егоров А Ю, Соколовский Г С «Квантово-каскадные лазеры для спектрального диапазона 8 мкм: технология, дизайн и анализ» УФН 194 98–105 (2024); DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2023.05.039543